環境政策工具中民眾參與機制之剖析與整合──以環境影響評估制度為例

The Analysis and Integrated Suggestions of Citizen Participation in Environmental Policy Instrument-A Case Study of Environmental Impact Assessment

環境影響評估制度是重要的環境政策工具，其不僅可保育環境，避免環境受到開發的不良衝擊影響，亦可平衡經濟發展與環境保育，使二者達到最適水準。然而，現行的環境影響評估制度限制民眾的參與程度與機會，不僅未對受影響者之背景及意見予以調查和重視，更在審查評估過程中刻意排除受影響者之參與，使得該制度缺乏有效的民眾參與機制。是故，本研究透過權力機制（權力結構三面向）、市民參與階梯、市民參與程度分級等理論，剖析環境影響評估制度中民眾參與機制的不足之處，並針對上述不足處，提出相關的改善策略及建議，期待藉此增強民眾參與的機會與程度，以及強化市民力量於政策決策之中，使得政策決策力量能趨於均衡，並希冀能提供作為相關單位參考之用。 Environmental impact assessment is the important instrument of environmental policy. It not only can prevent the environment from being destruct, but also can balance the economic development and environmental conservation to achieve the ideal level. However, the environmental impact assessment limits the degree and opportunity of citizen participation. It does not respect the views of those affected people, and excludes the participation of those affected people in the congress. Therefore, this research aims to points out the shortage of environmental impact assessment on citizen participation by the theory of ＂A Ladder of Citizen Participation＂, ＂A framework for Effective Participation＂ and ＂The Mechanisms of Power＂. Besides, this research also aims to propose some integrated suggestions to improve those shortages, and hopes to enlarge the degree and opportunity of citizen participation, and to empower the citizen power to balance the inappropriate decision making.

Environmental impact assessment is the important instrument of environmental policy. It not only can prevent the environment from being destruct, but also can balance the economic development and environmental conservation to achieve the ideal level. However, the environmental impact assessment limits the degree and opportunity of citizen participation. It does not respect the views of those affected people, and excludes the participation of those affected people in the congress. Therefore, this research aims to points out the shortage of environmental impact assessment on citizen participation by the theory of ＂A Ladder of Citizen Participation＂, ＂A framework for Effective Participation＂ and ＂The Mechanisms of Power＂. Besides, this research also aims to propose some integrated suggestions to improve those shortages, and hopes to enlarge the degree and opportunity of citizen participation, and to empower the citizen power to balance the inappropriate decision making.