台灣公營事業民營化對受僱員工薪資與就業之影響－－長期追蹤資料分析

WAGE AND EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS OF PRIVATION IN TAIWAN: A LONGITUDINAL DATA ANALYSIS

過去公營事業民營化之研究，多著重於民營化後經營績效改善及個案分析之面向，然而，在民營化過程中，因組織架構之改變可能影響其受僱員工之切身權益。過往國外文獻對於民營化對受僱員工之影響未有定見，而台灣在此一領域之研究闕如。本文透過1994至2010年由行政院主計總處之「受僱員工動向調查」與「受僱員工薪資調查」串聯資料。運用廠商固定效果及個別廠商不同之成長趨勢效果等長期追蹤資料計量方法，分析台灣公營事業民營化對其受僱員工薪資，就業之影響。研究發現，台灣公營事業民營化對受僱員工之影響具有產業之差異性，其影響效果只有短期效果而無長期效果。在製造業，民營化對於其員工人均時薪存在顯著之負向影響，此減薪效果發生在民營化後的當年至第三年，民營化對製造業在職員工之就業（其離職人數）並沒有顯著影響。在金融業，民營化不影響員工人均時薪，然而，在短期內有裁員現象，在較早民營化之金融企業中，裁員現象發生在民營化後之第四年，而較晚民營化之金融企業裁員現象發生在民營化當年。 The privatization of a public enterprise may involve a sequence of restructuring to improve the productivity and efficiency of the enterprises. The privatization may confront issues arising due to layoffs and wage cuts for incumbent employees. This study merges data sets of the ＂Employee's Movement Survey and the ＂Employee's Earnings Survey from 1994 to 2010 to analyze the wage and employment effects of privatization in Taiwan. The results show that the effects of privatization on employees' benefits are short-run and have substantial inter-industry differences. The employees of privatized enterprises in the manufacturing sector experienced a substantially negative impact on hourly wages. The restructuring of state-owned enterprises in the financial sector, however, saw privatization accompanied by short-run layoffs. These short-run layoffs appear in the fourth year and first year after privatization for earlier and later privatized state-owned companies, respectively. These findings may provide policy implications for current state-owned enterprises which are under consideration for future privatization.

The privatization of a public enterprise may involve a sequence of restructuring to improve the productivity and efficiency of the enterprises. The privatization may confront issues arising due to layoffs and wage cuts for incumbent employees. This study merges data sets of the ＂Employee's Movement Survey and the ＂Employee's Earnings Survey from 1994 to 2010 to analyze the wage and employment effects of privatization in Taiwan. The results show that the effects of privatization on employees' benefits are short-run and have substantial inter-industry differences. The employees of privatized enterprises in the manufacturing sector experienced a substantially negative impact on hourly wages. The restructuring of state-owned enterprises in the financial sector, however, saw privatization accompanied by short-run layoffs. These short-run layoffs appear in the fourth year and first year after privatization for earlier and later privatized state-owned companies, respectively. These findings may provide policy implications for current state-owned enterprises which are under consideration for future privatization.