典型和非典型全日工作的工資差異－－雙變數就業選擇之實證分析

WAGE DIFFERENTIAL BETWEEN PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY CONTRACTS OF FULL-TIME JOBS: AN EMPLOYMENT DECISIONS

本實證研究考慮兩個面向的就業決策：工時（全日／部分工時）與契約形式（永久／臨時契約，我們採用Heckman兩階段估計法，同時考慮勞動者對工時及契約形式的選擇，分析全日工作下永久和臨時契約的工資率是否存在顯著的差異性，進而探討導致此工資差異的來源。若依性別區分，我們利用Oaxaca-Blinder拆解法發現，導致女性樣本工資差異的主要來源在於個人特質（如：工作經驗，教育程度及年齡）和工作屬性（如：公司規模或行業別）；然而，造成男性樣本工資差異的主要來源則是報酬結構（歧視）；這個結果意謂著男性勞動者在臨時契約下被歧視的程度比女性高。最後，我們從特定解釋變數觀察，發現教育程度和工作經驗是導致不同契約之間工資差異的最重要來源。 This empirical study considers two decisions of employment: the working hours (i.e. full-time/part-time) and the pattern of contracts (i.e. permanent/fixed-term). Using Heckman’s two-stage estimation and simultaneously considering the decisions of working hours and the pattern of contracts, we analyze the wage differential between permanent and temporary contracts of the full-time employment and further explore the sources of wage differential. By gender, we employ the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition technique and find that the wage differential for female workers is caused mostly by endowments including individual characteristics (such as experience, years of schooling and age) and job characteristics (such as firm size or occupation). However, that for male workers mostly results from the discrimination that comes with the unorthodox nature of temporary contracts. That is, male workers are subject to more discrimination than female workers under temporary contracts. Finally we find that years of schooling and work experience are the major factors that contribute to the wage differential between permanent and temporary contracts.

This empirical study considers two decisions of employment: the working hours (i.e. full-time/part-time) and the pattern of contracts (i.e. permanent/fixed-term). Using Heckman’s two-stage estimation and simultaneously considering the decisions of working hours and the pattern of contracts, we analyze the wage differential between permanent and temporary contracts of the full-time employment and further explore the sources of wage differential. By gender, we employ the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition technique and find that the wage differential for female workers is caused mostly by endowments including individual characteristics (such as experience, years of schooling and age) and job characteristics (such as firm size or occupation). However, that for male workers mostly results from the discrimination that comes with the unorthodox nature of temporary contracts. That is, male workers are subject to more discrimination than female workers under temporary contracts. Finally we find that years of schooling and work experience are the major factors that contribute to the wage differential between permanent and temporary contracts.