黨參類藥材之ITS 序列親緣鑑別   全文下載

ITS Sequence Based Phylogenetic Relationship of Dangshen Radix

黨參為桔梗科（Campanulaceae） 植物黨參Condonopsis pilosula（Franch.） Nannf.、素花黨參Condonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta （Nannf.） L. T. Shen 或川黨參Condonopsis tangshen Oliver 的乾燥根，為補氣要藥。現代藥理研究，黨參具有調節血糖、促進造血機能、降壓、抗缺氧、耐疲勞、增強免疫力、調節胃腸收縮及抗潰瘍多種作用，並常作為人參替代品。黨參由於產地及加工方法不同，形成許多不同商品名稱，遂對於藥材質量管制及使用上易造成混淆不清。C. javanica、C. kawakamii 和Campanumoea lancifolia 為台灣常見民間用藥，也以黨參或土黨參為名。這六種黨參藥材其外觀與形態上極為相似，難以區分。本研究乃利用internal Transcribed Spacers（iTS）分析六種黨參之親緣關係予以鑑別。結果顯示六種黨參iTS（iTS 1+5.8S+iTS 2）長度為638 ～ 655 鹼基，G+C 百分比為60.31 ～ 62.52。根據黨參之iTS 長度、G+C 百分比和分子演化樹綜合分析結果，C. javanica 與Campanumoea lancifolia 對其他四種Codonopsis 屬黨參，有較近之親緣關係。與目前新分類學上之分類位置Codonopsis javanica有著不同結果，應以其舊學名Campanumoea javanica 分類位置較為適合。

Dried root of Codonopsis species (Campanulaceae), commonly known as “Dangshen” or “Dangshen Radix” is a multipurpose crude drug used in traditional Chinese medicinal system. The drug is sometimes used as a substitute of much expensive Panax ginseng. Due to variation in processing methods and producing areas, Dangshen is known by several trade names. This results in confusion of crude drug administration and application. Accounding to Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 3 species of Codonopsis; C. pilosula, C. modesta and C. tangshen have been mentioned as sources of the crude drug “Dangshen”. In Taiwan, C. javanica, C. kawakamii and Campanumoea lancifolia known as “Tu-dangshen” are commonly used as “Dangshen Radix”, Codonopsis kawakamii is indigenous to Taiwan. The morphological features of dried roots of these six plant species are quite similar; hence it is difficult to identify these species on the basis of physical appearance alone. In the present study, Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS)-based analysis was used to ascertain the phylogenetic relationship among the six species. Results showed that the length of the ITS regions among the six species ranged from 638 to 655 bp and the contents of GC in ITS (ITS1+5.8S+ITS2) regions ranged from 60.31 to 62.52%. The lengths of ITS and GC contents of ITS sequence and molecular phylogenetic trees of six Dangshen sources indicate that C. javanica has more homology to Campanumoea lancifolia than the other four species of Codonopsis.