臺灣地區自動販賣機杯裝飲料之微生物衛生狀況   全文下載

Microbial Sanitary Properties of Cup Soft Drinks and Hot Beverages from Automatic Vending Machines in Taiwan

分別由台北、桃園、新竹、苗栗、台中、彰化、雲林、台南、嘉義、高雄、屏東、宜蘭、及花蓮各地分冬夏兩季取得自動賣機杯裝飲料共459件。夏季在民國80年8、9月間、冬季則在民國80年之12月及次年之1月間進行。測得含碳酸飲料pH約在2.4~3.0之間，檸檬茶為2.7，可可亞為6.9，咖啡為5.6，果汁牛奶為6.4。熱飲平均溫度在74.3~77°C之間。平均生菌數在熱檸檬茶為5.9 colony forming units （CFU）／ml，可樂為14.1，熱咖啡為31.6，沙士為51.3，檸檬汽水為53.7，桔子汽水為89.1，冷咖啡為3.2×102，冷可可亞為8.7×102，冷檸檬茶為8.7×102，熱可可亞為4.6×104，熱果汁牛奶為9.6×104。夏季採得檢體之總平均生菌數顯著地較冬季或春季者低。生菌數不及格率約為15.4%。檸檬汽水、可樂、咖啡、冷可可亞、及熱果汁牛奶中檢測出有大腸桿菌群（coliforms）者，約佔總檢驗件數的3.2%。以MPN／ml計數，其含量約在0.9～24之間。在熱飲果汁牛奶、熱可可亞、熱咖啡中檢出有Streptococcus uberis, Group D Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, B. circulans, B. thuringiensis, B. licheniformis及Serratia fonticola。冷飲冰咖啡及冷可可亞中則分別檢出有Actinobacter calcoaceticus bio. anitratus及Group D E. faecium。又在市售果汁奶粉、可可亞粉、巧克力粉及巧克力可可粉中亦檢出有B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, B. sphaericus, B. epidermidis, B. thuringiensis, Staphylococcus aureus和S. warneri。"

Totally 459 specimens of cup-soft drinks and hot beverages were sampled from vending machines at Taipei, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Miaoli, Taichung, Changhwa, Yunlin, Tainan, Chiayi, Kaohsiung, Pington, Ilan, and Hwalien. The sample pHs were around 2.44～2.97 for carbonated soft drinks orange soda, lemonade soda, sarsaparilla, and cola; 2.73 for lemon tea; 6.86 for cocoa; 5.62 for coffee; and 6.43 for fruit-milk. The average temperature of hot beverages was around 74.3～76°C. Mean total viable count in hot lemon tea was 5.9 colony forming units (CFU)/ml; 14.1 in cola; 31.6 in hot coffee; 51.3 in sarsaparilla; 53.7 in lemonade soda; 89.1 in orange soda; 3.2 × 102 in cold coffee; 8.7 × 102 in both cold cocoa and cold lemon tea; 4.6 × 104 in hot cocoa; 9.6 × 104 in fruit-milk. The mean total viable count in specimens taken in the summer was significantly lower than those in the spring and winter (p<0.05). The unsatisfactory rate of microbial sanitary conditions for cup soft drinks and hot beverages in total viable count was 15.4%. About 3.2% of soft drinks was contaminated with coliforms with the most probable number of 0.9～24 MPN/ml. The soft drinks contaminated with coliform bacteria included lemonade soda, cola, coffee, cold cocoa, and fruits-milk. Streptococcus uberis, Group D Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, and B. cereus were detected in fruit-milk; Group D E. faecalis, B. subtilis, B. cereus, B. circulans, B. thuringiensis, and B. Licheniformis were in hot cocoa; B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. cereus, and Serratia fonticola were in hot coffee. Actinobacter calcoaceticus bio. anitratus was found in cold coffee while Group D E. faecium was in cold cocoa. The baeteria identified from fruit-milk powder, cocoa mix, chocolate mix, and chocolate-cocoa mix on the market included B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, B. epidermidis, B. sphaericus, B. thuringiensis, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. warneri.