解析台灣蝴蝶蘭產業之創新與空間組織的辯證關係

Analyzing the Dialectical Relations of Innovation and Spatial Organization for Taiwan’s Phalaenopsis Industry

蝴蝶蘭產業是台灣最具國際競爭力的農業項目，透過一系列創新而由趣味栽培轉化為專業栽培，也因台糖工業化量產的創新而引領整體產業的發展，現今又導入觀光、生技美容和文創等跨產業的創新。這些創新的積累，是由多個推廣協會的創新氛圍、產學研合作的創新系統和產業分工組織的開放性創新所促成，實踐由生產創新轉向服務創新、也由效率創新轉向價值創新。這一系列創新弱化了自然環境對蝴蝶蘭栽培的制約，突破原生於熱帶地區而可延伸至中高緯度地區栽種，其區位的選擇就由科技取得和成本效益的考量所決定，而其分布空間就由生物性的自然空間轉化成產業性的人文空間。在台灣，因台南市之台糖蘭業的技術外溢，形成以台南市為中心之南台灣地區的產業群聚，台南市再透過國際蘭展和台灣蘭花生技園區等區域發展策略的創新，使產業更聚集於台南市的後壁區，因而贏得代表蝴蝶蘭產業之創新中心的「蘭花谷」稱號。在國際上，國內蘭農與中高緯度的蘭企形成互補的垂直分工，也與中低緯度的蘭企形成潛藏競爭的水平分工；這些國際化的產業空間又藉由資通訊科技的創新應用，創造更優化的合作生態。事實顯示，該項產業的創新積累與產業空間組織的發展，形成螺旋效應的辯證關係。

Phalaenopsis industry is Taiwan's most international competitive agricultural project. Phalaenopsis farmers have transformed fun cultivation into professional cultivation through a series of innovation. Besides, Taiwan Sugar Corporation (TSC) mass-produces phalaenopsis so as to lead the development of the whole industry. The industry adopts the cross industrial innovation of sightseeing, beauty biotech and cultural innovation. The accumulation of these innovations is due to the innovation atmosphere of many promotion associations, innovation system of industry-academy cooperation and open innovation of industrial division organization. Hence, the whole industry turns production innovation into service innovation and turns efficiency innovation into value innovation. This series of innovation weakened the natural environment to the constraints of phalaenopsis cultivation. Therefore, the phalaenopsis can be grown in middle and high latitudes area and is no longer restricted in tropical regions. The selection of phalaenopsis planting location is determined by the considerations of technological acquisitions and cost effectiveness. Phalaenopsis distribution space is transformed from biologicalized natural space into industrialized culture space. Because the cultivation technology of TSC’s phalaenopsis is excellent, phalaenopsis industries are clustered in Tainan city. Furthermore, through the innovation of regional development strategy of International Orchid Exhibition and Taiwan Orchid Biotechnology Park, the industries are gathered in Ho-bi district of Tainan. Hence, Ho-bi district won the title of “Orchid Valley” representing the innovation center of phalaenopsis industry. Taiwan’s orchid farmers and orchid businesses of the middle and high latitudes areas are complementary to form a vertical division. Besides, the farmers and orchid businesses of the low latitude areas form horizontal division of potential competition. These international industrial spaces create more optimal cooperative ecology by the innovative applications of information and communication technology. The fact shows that the accumulation of innovations of phalaenopsis industry and the development of industrial space organizations form the dialectical relations of spiral effect.