臺南花園夜市攤販之社會資本分析

The Analysis of the Vendor’s Social Capital in Tainan Flowers Night Market

本研究以臺南花園夜市的攤販為例，以「社會資本」中的「關係網絡」、「信任與互惠」、「權威與規範」為研究架構，以瞭解臺南市花園夜市此類塊狀型夜市攤販的擺攤活動，如何受到自身「社會資本」的影響，而夜市攤販的「社會資本」，又如何影響花園夜市此一社會空間。研究結果發現：花園夜市攤販在此一塊狀型夜市中，透過夜市管理單位刻意規劃、攤位權利的賦予，使攤販於每週四、六、日聚集於此一塊狀空間，形成一變動性極大的消費地景。夜市空間呈現同類攤販分布集中且單純化，使之分區為飲食、生活百貨、休閒娛樂三大區塊。但花園夜市攤販為求營生所做的努力，使其動員其社會資本，與關係網絡內外他人關係的獲取、建立與維繫、信任／不信任行為的展現、規範與懲罰、彼此互惠等所生成的社會資本，亦提供攤販擺攤的選擇、機會與受限。其運作而生的社會資本，反而是影響攤販擺攤活動的根本，更展現為此一夜市空間內每一攤位空間背後，攤販擁有社會資本高低的差異，使花園夜市成為了一非均質的社會空間。

The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors influencing the activities of the vendors in Tainan Flowers Night Market. “Networks of relationships”, “trust and reciprocity” and “norms and sanctions” of “Social capital” are used as the study framework to explore the interrelationships between vending and its social capital how to influence the social space of Tainan Flower Night Market. According to the research finding, through the deliberate management and vendor empowerment, these vendors gathered at this block area on every Thursday, Saturday and Sunday. Thus, Tainan Flower Night Market became a landscape of consumption with great mobility which is unrelated to the local settlements. The space of this night market is divided into three different zones: food, grocery and entertainment. Same kind of these vendors is concentrated in the each same zone. Some factors are included to explain how the activities of these vendors are affected. The social relationship and social capital, such as relation of trust, reciprocity and exchange, norms and sanctions, provide vendors vending choices, opportunities or restrictions. Lastly, “the chances or limitations of relations” also influenced the activities. Because of the various levels of the social capital caused by the relation network, and thus reflected on the vendor activities. Since these vendors have different levels of social capital, Tainan Flower Night Market has become a heterogeneous social space.