氣候變遷下社會資本之防災面向論述農村社區永續發展

Disaster Prevention and Social Capital for the Sustainable Development of Rural Communities Discussion under Climate Change

近年氣候變遷劇烈引發的複合性災害帶來生命財產損失，惟綜觀臺灣農村聚落防災工作多以進行安全性避難和點位式防災等硬體工程為主，軟體上仍只有社區防災演練與宣導，減少災害影響而已，尚未從社區自主防災與永續發展等角度討論防災工作，無法確實提昇各社區防災成效，且因台灣農村處於全球化演變，人口不斷流失與農業空洞化情勢下，防災工作與農村重生背道而馳，使得農村發展與環境保育終難共存；但從環境永續發展觀點，社區發展中的防災工作是重要一環，其也是社區主義期望人民自主下所培養的社區網絡呈現的團結力量與環境共存條件；故為尋求發展與防災共同推動方式，擬彙整環境災害與永續發展及社區主義與社會資本等文獻，再針對農村發展時，融入防災工作，分析社會資本的轉變內容，尋求永續發展新觀點，故考量區域差異性，將以次數分配統計模式就全國挑選44個農村社區（聚落），先與民眾進行半參與式訪談，再以三生議題分類就農村再生先期規劃成果進行比對，分析社區民眾、政府與專業規劃者對社區發展與防災意見；然後，再配合專家訪談（計21位），以分析社會資本之防災性功能內容，最後以社會資本之防災性面向論述農村永續發展創新思維，以利社區發展與落實社區防災工作。

In recent years, climate change had caused dramatic loss by the composite disasters. The rural villages in Taiwan still focuses more on the shelters and evacuation plans, the “hardware” option, and only applies the disaster drills and education as the “software” option. The concept of disaster-resistant community is still not widely discussed; hence, the effectiveness of disaster response is not significant in communities. Due to the evolution of globalization, the rural villages in Taiwan face impacts of decreasing population and less agriculture products. Because of conflict between the disaster prevention and rural revitalization, the development of rural communities and the environmental conservation are hard to coexist. From the point of sustainable development, the disaster-resistant community is a key part of disaster prevention. The vitality of rural development under the globalization is the force expected by the community network and people, and the vitality the essence of environmental coexistence. In this study, the literature of environmental, disaster, communitarianism, and social capital literature was collected. The change of rural development, as well as the disaster-resistant community, was also included in discussion, and seeking new ideas for sustainable development. In consideration of regional difference, the frequency distribution model was applied to the selection of 44 communities. The impact of environmental disaster to the community was analyzed based on the evolution of the social capital and environmental changes. Interviews of 21 experts were included in the analysis to construct the goal of disaster prevention-based social capital. The development policy was suggested in the study in order to implement community disaster preparedness.