晚明六種合刊本傳奇小說集編輯出版現象析論

A Study of the Editing and Publishing Phenomenon in Anthology Novels of the Late Ming Dynasty

明萬曆年間金陵、建場坊間陸續刊行《國色天香》、《繡谷春容》、《萬錦情林》、《新刻增補全相燕居筆記》、《重刻增補燕居筆記》、《增補批點圖像燕居筆記》等書，此六者匯集制舉文、閨閣詩集、筆記軼聞、書信尺牘以及中篇才子佳人小說等不同文類，在中國小說出版史上十分罕見。清初以後，《國色天香》雖有再版，但終是消失。本文以該類書傳奇以外，佔最大比例的制舉文、閨閣詩詞、文士筆記、尺牘等為材料，與當時性質相仿之專書進行編輯現象考查，以明其挑戰及消失於圖書市場之因。研究顯示：晚明出版已趨專業化，無論是科考用書、閨閣詩集、筆記文集、古今尺牘選編，從《皇明文範》、《彤管新編》、《國朝典故》、《堯山堂外紀》、《丰韻情書》等書的刊行，可知中、上層讀者實有更多圖書選項。然《國色天香》等六書，從萬曆至明末清初，無論內容或編目，創新實有限。在各文類專門選集及日用類書雙重夾擊下，面對圖書出版專業化的時代來臨，書籍出版不斷推陳出新，內容更趨新穎、精深。相形之下，變化不大的六種合刊本傳奇小說集必然受到商業市場的考驗。雖然如此，但《國色天香》、《繡谷春容》等書的刊行，仍為書商與上層讀者相互依存的閱讀文化現象，提供一有趣之觀察面向。在小說出版史上，自有其時代意義。

Guosetianxiang(《國色天香》) , Xiuguchunrong(《繡谷春容》) , Wanjingqinglin (《萬錦情林》) and three distinct versions of Yanjubiji(《新刻增補全相燕居筆 記》、《重刻增補燕居筆記》、《增補批點圖像燕居筆記》) were published during Wan–li period. In addition to romances and short stories, there are several genres of writing, prose sand poems, letters and selected examination works. Since many readers like to read these anthology novels, they could be very popular; however the situation was not so. This study is to find out the reason they disappeared. Compared with the traditional prose and poem collections, the quality and volume of these anthologies were not as presentable. Meanwhile the editorial strategy of anthology were conservative. Therefore, readers tended to purchase traditional collections instead. Without target readers, anthology novels disappeared during the late Ming Dynasty.