論地方立法的地方特色原則——以立法法修改后廣東立法為例

On Local Characteristics Principle of Local Legislation–Focus on Guangdong Local Legislation after Latest Amendment of Legislation Law

黨的十八屆三中、四中全會決定提出要完善我國法律，提高立法質量。地方性法規是我國法律的重要組成部分，而地方立法能否堅持地方特色原則，體現地方特色，是衡量地方立法質量的重要標準，其實質是要推動現有地方立法模式的變革。本文從內涵與概念、法源與位階、性質與功能等方面，首次系統總結了地方特色原則的基本理論，以指導新形勢下地方立法特色的實現。直面當前地方特色原則實現的理論、實踐和政策等三大困境，闡明成因，進而提出實現該原則的對策。首先，要從主體、行為和方法三個維度，建立執行性地方立法的要件構造，并構建執行性地方立法坐標系，確保對上位法的二次創造而非重復性立法;其次，構建立法參照系，抓好主線條款和關鍵條款的設計，建立立法對公共政策吸收、轉化的標準與機制，確實把握創制性地方立法的要素規則;再次，建立地方立法的特色評估指標體系，并實行地方特色評估的上限制和下限制等限度制度;又次，從制定內容和形式兩個層面，制定實現地方特色原則的立法政策，推動該原則的現實化;最后，經由從地方到中央的立法路徑，將地方特色原則上升為法律制度，推動該原則的法律化。

It was decided at the third and the fourth plenum of 18th CPC central committee that legal system and its quality will be improved.Local legislation is a key role of China’s legal system,local characleristics is an important standard to evaluate the quality of local legislation,the essence of which is to boost the reform of local legislation mode.his paper concludes the principle the theory of local characleristics through connotation and concept, source and ranking of law, character and function, which to direct the realization of local characteristics under the new situation. The paper also analyze the theoretical, praclical, political difficulties of the theory of cocal characteristica to find the cause and to give the countermeasure. Firstly, to analyze the constitutional requirements of implemenlary local legislation and construct a relative coordinate system, which ensures local legislation a second creation, not a repetition of law in hipher level. Secondly, to build a local legislation reference system, for which efforts are devoted to lawmaking of principle clause and key clause, absorption standard and mechanism of public policies, essential regulations of local legislation. Thirdly, to set up an evaluation index system of local legislation characleristics and carry out corresponding limit, which includes upper limit and lower limit. Fourthly, to make principle of local characteristics praclical, relative legislation policy should be made through content and form. Fifthly, to legalize local characleristics principle, relativeworks should depend on both central and local legislation.