香港國家安全立法中的免責事由

Exemption Reason for Hong Kong Defending National’s Security Legislation

國家機密資料的保護是香港特別行政區進行國家安全立法的重要內容之一。2002年，香港《基本法》第23條立法起草時，反對派對部分立法內容持否定意見，致使該項立法擱淺。他們認為，就保護國家機密資料而言，如果公眾的知情權顯然大於泄露該資料所帶來的損害，則行為人不會因泄密行為受到懲罰。此時，如果不引入公眾利益作為免責辯護條件，便不能保障言論自由。文章認為，如果行為人實施有損國家安全的泄密行為與言論自由的保障無涉，加之相關犯罪的構成要件已經足夠明確和狹窄，那么引入公眾利益作為免責辯護條件就不是恰當的做法。從法律技術層面上展開理性討論，而非感性上為反對而反對，是重新探討香港國家安全立法的前提。

The protection of state’s confidential information is one of the important contents of Hong Kong’s defending national security legislation.In 2002,When Article 23 of the Basic law of Hong Kong SAR was drafted,part of the legislative content were put aside because of the the opposition camp.They believe as far as the protection of state’s confidential information is concerned,if we value the public’s right to know more than some damage caused by the disclosure of the classified information,then the actor will not get the punishment they deserve.Meanwhile,the freedom of speech cannot be guaranteed if we do not bring in the public interest as a justification for non-liability.This paper argues that implementing acts that may endanger the national security,shall not be protected as free speech.More than that,the according constitutive elements of crime is explicit enough,pleading for public interest doesn’t see justifiable.It is concluded it would be better that the premise of revising Hong Kong’s defending national security legislation is based on the rational discussion in the technological level of legislation rather than irrational opposition.