論專利當然許可

Research on the Patent License of Right System

《專利法》第四次修訂預期將把專利當然許可納入中國的專利制度，以期促進國內專利技術的實施與傳播。雖然當然許可剛被介紹入中國，但其在國外已經是較為成熟的專利交易許可機制，因此借鑒國際經驗、結合國情，促使當然許可制度的本土化便是學術研究的當務之急。本文基於針對中國當前專利制度運行現狀的探討、國外專利當然許可制度的法律規定與實施情況的介紹以及圍繞當然許可所產生的一系列理論問題的研究，試圖為未來專利當然許可制度的構建提出一套較為詳細的實施細則。文章在結構上，首先將通過介紹目前中國專利的實施運用情況，結合《合同法》與《專利法》的相關理論，分析中國《專利法》中當然許可的基本法律構造、對於社會進步的意義，並引申出當前中國法律引進專利當然許可制度的必要性。繼而，將綜述現存的或者曾經施行專利當然許可制度的部分國家的法律規定，闡述其基本的實施情況，並從中尋找可以被中國引以為鑒的經驗和教訓。再者，通過將專利的當然許可與強制許可、默示許可及專利池等其他的許可模式進行理論上的比照研究，明確當然許可在眾多實施模式中的功能定位。最後，本文將綜合前文的分析，從理論角度整體規劃中國的專利當然許可制度的框架，再提出具有可執行性的具體政策方案。

The fourth revision of the Patent Law is expected to bring License of Right into Chinese patent system, in order to promote the implementation and dissemination of patent technology. Although License of Right has just been introduced into China, it turns out to be a relatively mature patent licensing transactions mechanism in several foreign countries. Therefore, based on the lessons drew from other countries and national conditions, we should realize License of Right's localization as soon as possible. This research paper aims to elaborate the mechanism of License of Right and structure a modified License of Right in Chinese patent system. This paper shall be divided into four parts. In the first part, 1 will explain the necessity of setting up License of Right in Patent Law of China through summarizing the implementation of patent system, combining with the theoretical analysis of Contract Law and Patent Law. In the second part, several countries' legal rules and practices about License of Right which can afford us useful lessons will be presented. After that, in the third part, by comparing License of Right with compulsory license, implied license and patent pool, 1 am going to make further efforts to indicate the function of License of Right. And finally, the fourth part aims at analyzing the overall planning of Chinese License of Right, and then putting forward a ful1 set of specific implementation rules.