數據的權利化困境與契約式規制

The Dilemma of Data Rights and Data's Contractual Regulation

大數據時代背景下數據價值日益凸顯，數據交易漸趨普遍，對數據賦權的主張多有顯現。然而，數據客體特定性、獨立性的缺失及主體分散化、多元化的雜糅使得數據財產權難以證成。再加上高昂的數據權利界定成本和數據權利化後面臨的諸多窘況更加劇了數據權成行的難度。現實複雜的數據糾紛亟需法律的因應調適，既有數據利益亟待制度的穩定保障。在數據無法權利化的情形下，從事前“權利範式”規制轉向事後“關係範式”調整，逐步構建起以契約式規制為核心、輔以代碼技術調整和侵權責任法救濟的數據糾紛化解路後，未嘗不是一種可行選擇。

In the background ofbig data era, data's va1ue gradually emerges and data's transactions are more and more common. A 1ot of opinions advocate that data right shou1d be 1egis1ated. However, the following factors are obstac1es in data's right path. First, data are not specific and independent; Second, data' owners are way too decentra1ized and comp1icated; Third, defining the data's right wi1l need expensive cost which may beyond its profits. Besides those, even given that data's right can be defined, it wou1d not solve the emergent prob1ems and will result in more severe prob1ems. More and more data disputes are happening now, data's interest is in need of 1aw's stab1e protection. In the condition of data not being a sort of 1egis1ative right, we cou1d convert our annalistic method from the 'beforehand form' to 'afterwards form'. In the new solution to solving data's prob1ems, contractual regulation wi11 be the core way with code technology and the tort law' cooperation.