論個人信息權的法律屬性及立法保護思考

On the Analysis of Legal Attributes for Personal Information and Legislative Thinking

互聯網及大數據產業的發展，促進了個人信息的利用，在人們接受便利服務的同時也失去了隱私的保護，每個人都成了“信息的裸體人”，面對商家濫用其個人信息，作為單個消費者無論是主張精神權利還是財產權利都力不從心，而對商家加工處理之後形成的個人信息數據庫的應用更是無從主張權利。本文從傳統隱私權的人格屬性加以分析，審視個人信息權的人身權屬性，探討個人信息與個人信息數據庫在法律保護上區別關係，進而對個人信息保護立法提出作者的思考：個人信息的主體為自然人，本質屬性為人格權，其所體現的財產價值依附於人格屬性之下，保護人格權是第一位的，財產權是第二位的；個人信息數據庫的主體是商家，其以財產權屬性為主導，無論是政府、社會組織還是商人在將個人信息去識別化後即讓這一數據庫轉變為具有財產屬性的數據財富，在遵循個人信息保護規範之後，法律應當鼓勵數據庫的市場化運行。基於此，在立法上就要區別個人信息和個人信息數據庫的不同保護對象以及不同的權利義務設計。

With development of the Internet and big data industry, it is becoming more and more serious that the personal information be extensive collected, processed and circulated. In the information era, everyone has become 'transparent man'. Facing the abuse of personal information controlled the companies , it is very difficu1t as a single consumer claiming either the moral rights or property rights. Considering the big data industry, the legislator should faces the tow selection: to encourage industrial development ignoring the protection of personal rights or to strengthen the protection of personal rights restricting industrial development? From the history of privacy protection and extending the protection of personal information, this paper will give some analysis and discussion on the legal attributes of personal information rights, the property relationship between the personal information based on single individual and the database based on massive personal information made by companies.The author opinions: The subject of personal information is a natural person. It should be based on the protection of moral rights. The subject of database of personal information is the company, it should be given to property rights. Considering the trend which cannot be ha1ted for big data industry, the legislator should encourage the application of databas in the standard personal moral rights case. So it is necessary to distinguish the different protection between single individual information and the massive information and the rights and obligations in the different objects.