工業品外觀設計美國保護模式之演進和批判

The Evolvement and Criticism on the Protection of the U.S Industrial Design

美國對工業品設計主要以設計專利的模式加以保護；為了區分專利保護和版權保護的界限，在司法實踐中用“分離測試”來評價工業品設計的可版權性；美國憲法的“版權和專利條款”則用來作為獲取專有權的底線，以防止聯邦之外的設權行為；在立法上，出於功利主義的價值觀，不同領域設計所能獲得的保護並不一致。上述制度工具彼此聯動，既保證工業品設計創新的充足，又可以有效地擴充設計中的公有領域，滿足產品式樣翻新的需求，我國在借鑒時應當避免“只見樹木不見森林”的單一式制度移植。

The US protects industrial design as design patent; to decide whether industrial design is copyrightable, physical and conceptual separability is applied; Art. 1, Sec. 8, Clause 8 of US Constitution guaranteed the exclusive power of Federal on the grant of exclusive rights; based on the philosophy of utilitarianism, US legislation treated different kind of designs in different ways. These legal too1s are functioning interactively to promote creation of industria1 design and enrich the 'public domain' to satisfy design renovation as well. Therefore, single institution transplantation should be avoided, or we may miss the whole 'forest'.