開放創新背景下清潔技術領域專利開放許可問題研究

Open Patenting Program in Clean Technology under Open Innovation

隨著技術分工越來越細，傳統的封閉式創新模式將逐漸被開放創新模式所取代。儘管清潔技術產業內的競爭格局尚未形成，但技術發展的複雜化和專業化程度已經越來越高，“專利叢林”相繼出現，專利開放許可成為促進清潔技術創新的動力之一。論文在闡釋清潔技術專利開放許可必要性的基礎上，比較清潔技術領域主要開放專利許可實踐的運行模式及效果。結果發現：必須要兼顧專利開放許可標準化和專利權人利益，才能更好地利用開放專利許可來促進清潔技術的發展。我國應儘快建立類似的清潔技術專利開放許可項目或平臺，並採用標準必要條款以及可供專利權人選擇的靈活性條款相結合的方式來制定標準許可合同，完善專利進入專案的甄選機制和構建項目參與人的誠信體系是開放專利許可專案運營的關鍵。

With the specialization of technologies, open innovation will become the major innovation model rep1acing the traditional close one. Although competition pattern has not yet formed, patent thickets have already appeared in this complex technical field. Open patenting programs become one of the driving forces to promote the innovation and development of clean technology. We ana1yze the necessity of open patenting in clean technology at frrst. After comparing the main two open patenting experiences in clean technology, we conclude that open patenting program must give considerations to uniformizing the terms and conditions of the licenses as well as the degree of patentee to control of their patents. We propose it is possible to try some open patenting initiatives in China and we should adopt a license contract that combines a uniformizing the terms and conditions with the option of some license conditions to the will of patentees and the needs of specific sectors. Furthermore, establishing a good mechanism to admit the patents capable of achieving environmentally beneficial results and constructing the integrity system of the participants are two keys to success of open patenting program.