香港新憲制秩序的法理基礎：分權還是授權

WRISPRUDENTIAL BASIS FOR THE NEW CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER OF HONG KONG: SEPARATION OF POWERS OR DELEGATION OF POWERS

各種有關香港新憲制基礎的認識中，分權論和授權論最具有代表性。分權論以地方自治理論和《中英聯合聲明》為基礎，將中央和特別行政區的關係解釋為對抗性的、彼此制約的關係。分權論的規範基礎和理論原型脫離了基本法的預設，更多源於論者的主觀想像，存在對基本法和特別行政區制度的誤讀。授權論以“一國兩制”原則和基本法為基礎，將中央和特別行政區關係理解為授權關係、委託──代理關係。授權論的提出不是為了壓制特別行政區的高度自治，而是為了說明特別行政區制度的來源和基本屬性。授權論對基本法和特別行政區制度的理解符合中國憲法和國家治理的一貫邏輯。香港作為中國的一級地方行政單位，其憲制秩序應為中國憲制秩序的組成部分。香港回歸之後，新憲制秩序的基礎只能是中國憲法和法律。

Of the various ideas about the basis of the new constitutional order of Hong Kong, the doctrine of separation of powers and the doctrine of delegation of powers are most representative. On the basis of the theory of local autonomy and the Sino-British Joint Declaration, the doctrine of separation of powers interprets the relationship between the Central government and the Special Administrative Region as confrontational and mutual restriction. Breaking away from the presumptions of the Basic Law in basis of norms and theory prototype, the doctrine of separation of powers originates mostly from the subjective imagination of its upholders and involves misunderstanding of the Basic Law and the system of Special Administrative Region. On the basis of ''One Country, Two Systems' and the Basic Law, the doctrine of delegation of powers interprets the relationship between the Central government and the Special Administrative Region as delegation relation or principal- agent relation. The doctrine of delegation of powers is raised to illustrate the source and fundamental attribute of the system of the Special Administrative Region rather than to suppress the high degree of autonomy of the Special Administrative Region. The doctrine of delegation of powers conforms to the Constitution of China and the consistent logic of the national governance of China in terms of its understanding of the Basic Law and the system of the Special Administrative Region. Hong Kong is an administrative unit at local level in China and its constitutional order is a component of the constitutional order of China. Therefore, the basis of the new constitutional order of Hong Kong after its return to China can only be the Constitution and laws of China.