我國檢察機關提起公益訴訟試點的實證分析

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON PILOT PROJECT OF THE PROCURATORIAL ORGANS' INSTITUTION ON PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION IN CHINA

公益訴訟主體在我國屬於長期缺位元的狀態，被損害的公共利益無法得到及時有效的救濟。在此背景之下，全國人大常委會於2015年7月授權最高人民檢察院在13個試點省開展檢察機關提起公益訴訟的試點。經過近兩年的試點，我國公益訴訟呈現出訴前程式功能巨大、公益訴訟領域集中、整體穩步推進的特點。從統計資料上看，檢察機關提起公益訴訟呈現出積極發展的趨勢，但在如何認定行政不作為、初步證據的界定、證據時效、行政公益訴訟庭審程式、第三人能否參與訴訟、檢察院以何種方式啟動二審以及檢察機關訴訟地位等相關問題上仍缺乏適當的規定。就我國的公益訴訟立法而言，需要對公益訴訟熱進行冷思考。

The subject of public litigation has defaulted for a long time in China that damaged public interest could not get timely and effectively legal relief In this context, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress authorized the Supreme People's Procuratorate to launch a pilot program of instituting public interest litigation by procuratorial organs in 13 experimental provinces in July 2015. After nearly two years' implementation of the pilot program, the public interest litigation in China shows the characteristics of the great function of prelitigation procedures, concentration on the fields of public interest litigation and steady progress on the whole. According to the statistics, the act of instituting public interest litigation implemented by procuratorial organs develops positively. However, there is still a lack of adequate regulations on many problems concerning definitions of administrative omission and preliminary evidence, limitation of evidence, the trial procedures of administrative public interest litigation and the status of procuratorial organs} lawsuits. Apart from those problems, it should also consider whether the third party can participate in the lawsuits and how the procuratorial organs start the second instance. In terms of the legislation of public interest litigation in China, it is necessary to think calmly about the vogue of the public interest litigation.