海洋環境與國際海洋法法庭：二十年的實踐與展望

MARINE ENVIRONMENT AND THE INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE LAW OF THE SEA: TWENTY YEARS' PRACTICES AND PROSPECTS

1982年的《聯合國海洋法公約》設立了國際海洋法法庭，以審理有關《公約》的解釋或適用的任何爭端。海洋環境是《公約》的核心內容之一。本文旨在通過分析國際海洋法法庭學理中的環境內容，探討國際海洋法法庭在保護世界海洋環境中發揮的作用。第二部分討論國際海洋法法庭委任中的環境因素。第三部分通過分析國際海洋法法庭在二十年中受理的25起案件，探討國際海洋法法庭審判中涉及的環境因素。第四部分從理論和實踐的角度評估其環境法理，分析國際海洋法法庭在海洋環境保護方面的貢獻和挑戰。結論為國際海洋法法庭在海洋環境保護方面採取了積極的態度，並且已經取得了較大的進步。

The marine environment is severely threatened by human activities. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982 established the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) to adjudicate disputes arising out of the interpretation and application of the Convention. Marine environment is an essential part of the Convention. This paper aims at discussing the role of the ITLOS in protecting the world’s oceans through analyzing environmental aspects of the ITLOSJ jurisprudence. The second chapter discusses environmental concerns in the mandate of the ITLOS. Chapter three explores environmental concerns in the adjudication of ITLOS through reviewing the 25 cases submitted to the ITLOS in the past 20 years. Chapter four discusses the contributions and challenges of the ITLOS in marine environmental protection through assessing its environmental jurisprudence from practical and theoretical perspectives. It then comes to a conclusion that the ITLOS has adopted a proactive stance towards the protection of marine environment, and that a big progress has been made in protecting marine environment by the ITLOS.