美國奈米生物科技發展政策

The Nanobiotechnology Industry Policy in USA

新興技術與產業之發展常歷經漫長的醞釀期，就奈米生物科技產業亦復如是，由於奈米生物科技產業尚處於萌芽期階段，因此在整個產業的架構、主導國家與廠商、產業標準的制定以及全球市場發展方向等方面，各國政府、相關研發機構與廠商仍在摸索當中，值此產業初期階段，政府相關主管機關應制定適切的政策，並積極輔導奈米生物科技產業與廠商的發展，以強化我國與各國競逐此新興產業上的競爭力。本文借鏡美國發展奈米生物科技的經驗，剖析其產業發展政策與專利法制對奈米生物科技發明所提供的保護與遭遇之法制難題；本文亦分析美國將高佔有率之奈米生物科技與專利轉化為實務應用之主要媒介，亦即專利聯盟與產學合作之架構與遭遇之主要問題，最後並提出對於我國奈米生物科技產業發展上，政府政策、產業乃至於廠商未來發展方向之建議。

The development of emerging technology and industry usually undergo a long period of time. Nanobiotechnology industry is the same case and is at its early stage. Therefore, many countries, related research institutions, and firms are still exploring in various aspects of issues such as the framework of nanotechnology industry, the leading countries and firms, the industry standard-setting, and the directions of global market development. The regulatory bureaus in Taiwan should formulate adequate policy to guide and assist aggressively the developing nanotechnology industry and firms to strengthen their competitiveness in competing with other countries Referring to the developing experience of nanotechnology industry in USA, this research analyzes its industry development policy and patent legal system, the protection to its nanobiotechnology inventions, and the problems to confront in legal system. Furthermore, USA’s high market share in global nanobiotechnology patents proves its effective support to nanotechnology industry development by its industry development policy and patent legal system. It is also discussed that USA’s high market share in global nanobiotechnology and patents is transformed into practical application by way of the key media including patent thicket, patent pools, and the cooperation framework between industry and universities. In conclusion, this paper proposes suggestions to the development directions of government policy, industry, and firms in Taiwan’s nanobiotechnology industry.