美國對人類免疫缺乏病毒感染者之移民政策

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Immigration Policy in the United States

Currently, the Immigration and Naturalization Act (INA) allows "spouses" of the United States citizens and permanent residents to live in the United States with their alien husbands and wives. In addition, the INA allows spouses and children who are "not otherwise entitled to an immigrant status" and are "accompanying or following to join" their spouses or parents, the same status as such spouse or parent. In other words, if a United States citizen or permanent resident marries a foreign spouse, he or she can sponsor the foreign spouse for an immigrant visa. The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) defines marriage when used in the context of federal law as only between a man and a woman. In other words, the definition of spouse does not apply to same-sex couples. Even in those states where legally recognized marriage-like status like the civil union in Vermont, the definition of spouse still does not apply to same sex couples because immigration issues are federal level and not governed by the state law. Furthermore, the United States Congress enacted several categories in immigration law such as non-immigrants visas categories: F visa for students and B visa for foreign visitors to come to the US. However, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) exclusion in immigration law contradicts the Congress’ good intention. In other words, immigrants inflicted with HIV may face deportation. The objective of this paper is to reduce the negative impact of that the United States immigration law through research. This paper will give an overview of the immigration law regarding legal issues, and advocate for changes of the provisions that have a negative impact on immigrants.

近年來許多國家已經陸陸續續通過承認同性婚姻的法律，在美國也有許多州也通過相關州法，雖然同性婚姻還不為聯邦法律承認，但是透過美國的案例法發展，這必然是一個新的趨勢，然而在亞洲，通過承認同性婚姻的法律卻困難重重，不單單是立法的問題，也涉及了文化背景與HIV相關生物科技的問題。美國有許多的案例可以當作是借鏡，雖然歐洲已經有很多國家已通過相關法律，但是美國許多州仍然極力推動通過承認同性婚姻的法律，因此，亞洲國家可以透過美國的案例分析，加上既有的立法例，應往通過承認同性婚姻的法律的方向進行。所以此文章第一部分探討承認同性婚姻的相關法律與案例，以美國的案例為主，進而提供一些解決的辦法。接下來第二部分探討有關人類免疫缺乏病毒與美國公共衛生政策之關聯。此文章之目的是為了降低美國移民法對同性戀與HIV患者的負面影響。第一部分主要探討承認同性婚姻的相關移民法律與案例，第二部分探討HIV對人類之威脅與美國公共衛生政策與移民法之關連。