我國人體器官移植法制之研究

A Study of the Legal System of Organ Transplantation in Taiwan

「人體器官移植」這項生物科技自從上個（20）世紀中葉開始發展以來，除了已經成為生物產業科技的重大成就以外，也是本（21）世紀生物產業科技的明日之星。我國的人體器官移植的醫療科技發展甚早，也是亞洲地區最早訂定有關人體器官移植法律規範的國家。而我國的「人體器官移植條例」為「移植醫學」的科技發展提供了良好的法律環境，我國的移植醫療科技也因此獲得許多揚名國際的成就。惟我國的「移植法制」仍有不盡完善之處，以致影響移植醫療科技的發展與成就。我們期待醫界、法界、相關生物科技產業及政府主管機關之間，加強溝通、取得共識，為「移植醫學」這項生物產業科技提供更完善的發展環境，則不但能增加我國移植醫療科技及相關生物科技產業在世界上的競爭力，亦可以造福等待器官移植的病人、減少全民健康保險的財務負擔、並增加整個社會的生產力。

The modern era of clinical human organ transplantation began after the Second World War. A kidney was transplanted from one healthy identical twin to his twin who was dying of renal disease 55 years ago, on December 23, 1954. This was the first successful transplantation, renal function was restored in the recipient, and the donor suffered no ill effects. Because of technical limitations, currently the human organ donators are still the main source of transplantable organs; the small number of donators has been a common problem faced by every country all around the world. In Taiwan, as well as in other countries, the progress of organ transplants has long been deterred by the shortage of organ donations. Finding ways to increase the numbers and sources of organ transplants under the current laws, and of modifying the inappropriate restrictions of the current laws in order to benefit more patients waiting for organ transplants and hopefully new lives, have always been the goals of all doctors participating in organ transplantation. The object of this paper is aimed to achieve the goal of proposing proper recommendations and strategies, through inspecting the necessity and legitimacy of organ transplant from various legal system discourses and amendments, to the fields of medicine, law and related bio-tech industries, government authorities regarding to the legitimacy of organ transplant and increasing the sources of the legal organ donations, in order to lessen the current Taiwan's organ donation plight.