教育借鑑的研究

The Study of Educational Borrowing

「教育借鑑」意指探討他國教育制度或外來教育理論的移轉適用性。本文的論述要旨有四：一是指出借鑑研究興起的原因及其侷限性，二是闡明教育借鑑的研究方式，三是說明教育借鑑的層次，四是比較教育借鑑研究、比較教育研究與本土化研究的差異。其中，借鑑研究興起的原因是西方社會科學政策與理論具有可參考性、減少重覆的學術工作、反對實證科學中普遍主義的學術意識與反對文化殖民主義的民族意識興起，借鑑的侷限性主要表現在學術難有真正的突破、修改是枝節的、差異作法和落伍作法難分辨三點。教育借鑑的研究方式有四個步驟：準確地理解制度與理論、了解外國制度或理論對本國的意義、將外國制度或理論中的概念操作化以及進行制度或理論的實證研究。教育借鑑的層次可從境界的高低而分成移植、借鑑、對話與創新；可從歷史的角度而分為現代化、中國化以及本土化；可從研究的角度而分為實務型、學術型與創意型。教育借鑑和比較教育的差別主要是研究對象的不同，借鑑研究的研究對象是尚未實施於本地的外來學說或制度；比較研究的研究對象是本地和外國都具備的學說或制度。而借鑑研究和本土化研究的不同主要是研究目的的不同，借鑑研究的目的是了解外來學說或制度在本地的適用性，而本土化研究的目的是創制符合本地的作法。

“Educational borrowing” means discussing the practical applications of the educational policies or theories of other countries before transferring to our country. This article focuses on two main ideas: one is pointing out the basic knowledge of educational borrowing. The other one is telling the differences between educational borrowing study and comparative education study and indigenous study of education. Accordingly, this article will discuss the rises and limitations of educational borrowing, the study steps of educational borrowing, the levels of educational borrowing, the differences between educational borrowing study and comparative education study and indigenous study of education in order. The four steps of study of educational borrowing are to recognize foreign policies and theories correctly, to find the profound thinking for homeland from foreign policies and theories, to give the operational definition for foreign policies and theories, to carry out an empirical study of foreign policies and theories. The main difference between educational borrowing and comparative education is studying object. The studying object of educational borrowing is foreign policies or theories not carrying out in homeland yet, but the object of comparative education is the policies or theories carrying out in foreign land and homeland. The chief difference between educational borrowing and educational indigenous study is studying purpose. The studying purpose of educational borrowing is to discuss the practical applications of the educational policies or theories of other countries, but the purpose of educational indigenous study is to construct indigenous way of foreign policies and theories.