石渠閣出版活動和《水滸傳》之補刻

The Stone Canal Pavilion Printing House and Its Repaired Edition of Shuihu Zhuan

石渠閣補刻本是現藏於中國國家圖書館的一部水滸傳版本。此本在版本史上的定位一直有爭議，至今尚未有定論。因為此版本上無有刊記可推論出版時間、出版人、地點等出版信息。版面上所留下之唯一頭緒係一些葉面上刻下的「石渠閣補刻」而已。因此筆者從石渠閣出版物研究著手，得知石渠閣是明末句容蔣氏之書肆。蔣氏石渠閣第一代蔣時機大致明天啟年間在金陵開始活動。此時，蔣時機參與金陵出版界的主要人物之一王世茂出版活動。當初蔣時機受到王世茂之託從事編輯、刻板等。我們至今尚可看到石渠閣所重刻或補刻之書籍。據其活動地點和交流範圍，石渠閣很可能透過在金陵所建立的出版界人脈購得之前的暢銷書版木和其重印、補刻權而出版書籍。順治年間以後，我們可以發現從編輯、刻板、印刷到出售都自家處理的書籍。雖說如此，到清代，重刻或補刻而出版他家書肆的舊版書還是石渠閣的主力商品之一。透過以上考察，筆者推測石渠閣補刻《忠義水滸傳》亦是曾在金陵一家書肆所刻板的，而且很有可能此為明天啟年間之前的，甚至不能排除石渠閣補刻本留有一些未經過修補之原版之可能。

The Stone Canal Pavilion(石渠閣補刻 Shiquge) Repaired Edition of Shuihu zhuan (水滸傳 The Water Margin) is a text held in the collection of the National Library of China. There has long been intense debates surrounding this text’s position on Shuihu zhuan’s family tree, but scholars have yet to reach any consensus. The text does not carry any information that would allow us to infer when, where or by whom it was published, other than the characters “石渠閣補刻” printed on several of the pages. The Stone Canal Pavilion’s publications, therefore, were chosen as the entry point for research. This essay contends that the Stone Canal Pavilion was in fact a bookshop belonging to the Jiang 蔣 family of Jurong 句容 during the late Ming. Jiang Shiji 蔣時機, who founded the bookshop, was at that time involved with the publishing activities of Wang Shimao 王世茂, one of the most important figures in the Jinling 金陵 publishing trade. Wang initially entrusted Jiang with editing and carving woodblocks, and examples of the Stone Canal Pavilion’s recarved and repaired editions can still be seen today. It is quite possible that Jiang, being based in Jinling and on good terms with Wang was able to use these connections to purchase the woodblocks of previously popular books, as well as the rights to reprint or repair them. From 1661 onwards, many books were edited, carved, printed, and sold by the Stone Canal Pavilion entirely in-house. Despite this, by the Qing dynasty one of the mainstays of the Stone Canal Pavilion’s business was still recarving and repairing woodblocks of old editions of books made by other bookshops. This essay thus conjectures that the Stone Canal Pavilion Repaired Edition of Shuihu zhuan, too, had been previously carved by another Jinling bookshop very likely in or before 1620. Indeed we cannot exclude the possibility that the Repaired Edition might have retained some unrestored woodblocks from the original edition.