探討產後婦女之母乳哺育自我效能與哺乳意圖對母乳哺育行為的影響

The Influence of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Breastfeeding Intention on Breastfeeding Behavior in Postpartum Women

背景：依據世界衛生組織的建議，母乳哺育宜至產後六個月，然而國人母乳哺育時間仍有待提升，了解母乳哺育的影響因子有其必要性。目的：本研究旨在探討產婦母乳哺育自我效能與哺乳意圖對產後六個月純母乳哺育行為之影響，並建立哺乳意圖量表中文版的信效度。方法：採方便取樣，選取於南部某區域教學醫院產後病房母乳哺育的產婦，共計收取167位研究對象。使用結構式問卷與電話訪問收集資料，所得資料以SPSS 18.0、LISREL 8.7及S-Plus套裝軟體進行獨立樣本t檢定、皮爾森積差相關係數、單因子變異數分析、存活分析及信效度檢定。結果：母乳哺育自我效能總分為14–70分，本研究對象平均總分為44.80（±11.56）分。哺乳意圖總分為1–16分，本研究對象平均總分為12.20（±3.14）分。產後六個月純母乳哺育率為29.9%。母乳哺育自我效能與哺乳意圖具有顯著正相關（r=.45, p<.001）。教育程度、職業及哺乳意圖是產後六個月停止純母乳哺育行為的影響因子。結論：實務應用產婦的母乳哺育自我效能及哺乳意圖與母乳哺育行為相關；針對低教育程度、職業婦女及低哺乳意圖的產婦，醫護人員需更強調母乳哺育的重要性。

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend that infants should be breastfed for six month after childbirth. The average duration of breastfeeding in Taiwan still falls short of this sixth-month timeline. In order to improve the duration of breastfeeding, it is crucial to understand the factors that affect related behavior. Purpose: To explore the effects of breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding intention among exclusivebreastfeeding women during the initial six months after childbirth and to verify the reliability and validity of the infant feeding intentions scale (Chinese version). Method: Purposive sampling was used to select and enroll a total of 167 breastfeeding women from a southern metropolitan medical-teaching hospital. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and phone interviews. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0, LISREL8.7, and S-Plus package software to obtain scores for the independentsample t test, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, one-way analysis of variance, survival analysis, and reliability and validity. Results: Breastfeeding self-efficacy scores ranged from 14 to 70, with a mean score of 44.80 (±11.56). Infant feeding intention scores ranged from 14 to 70, with a mean score of 12.20 (±3.14). Additionally, 29.9% of the participants breastfed exclusively for the entire six months after childbirth. Breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding intention were positively correlated (r = .45, p < .001). Education level, occupation, and breastfeeding intention were each identified as factors that significantly influenced the success of exclusive breastfeeding during the initial six months after childbirth. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: Breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding intention are correlated with breastfeeding behavior. Based on findings, medical staff should target promotion and education regarding the importance of breastfeeding particularly toward women who have lower levels of education, who are employed, and who express low initial intention to breastfeed.