有害物危害預防規章中通風設施管理狀況探討

The Implementation of Regulations on the Management of Ventilation Facilities for Harmful Substances

本研究整理勞動部歷年所出版勞動檢查年報，探討作業場所通風設施管理狀況，根據通風設施管理之相關規定修訂時程及研究報告，探討造成年報數據與現況不符的可能原因。研究發現，根據歷年勞動檢查年報資料，有機溶劑、特化與粉塵等有害物作業場所之通風設施管理措施，近年來多已符合法規要求。然而根據職業衛生專家研究反映，事業單位通風管理措施仍未具體落實，兩方面所得結果差異甚大。本研究認為作業場所通風設施管理近年其實並未顯著改善，應該是事業單位已懂得如何採取部分通風設施管理措施符合檢查機構要求。至於勞動檢查不合格比例明顯降低的原因則在於檢查機構缺乏更專業技術尋求核心問題，在缺乏技術支持下，僅能就一般管理事項進行檢查。為使作業場所通風設施管理確實發揮效果，研究建議應該提升勞動檢查技術，透過教育訓練尋求通風設施管理要求之認定基準共識，要求事業單位具體自主管理，設定務實之通風設施管理措施，包括性能設定及性能測定。

This study compiled the annual reports of labor inspection published by the Ministry of Labor, and investigated the management situation of the working-site ventilations. The study also explored the reason of inconsistency between data from annual reports and observed on-site situation. Based on the annual reports, most management measure of working sites with contamination of organic solution, specific chemicals and dust has shown to follow the rules mandated by the related codes. However, the study performed by the experts of occupational health reflected that those measures have not been fully implemented. It showed a great inconsistency between official annual reports and on-site observation.This study inferred the ventilation facilities management in fact did not improve in a significantscale. Some working-site already knew how to take some measure partially to cope what required by the inspectors. The decrease of the fail rate of inspection was mainly due to the shortage of professional knowledge of inspectors. This problem also prevented a inspector from identifying some important issues.In order to make working-site ventilation management measures take effect, this study suggested the inspection skills should be promoted. The promotion should further be performed through education and training which will establish a consensus on the requirement. The working-site should　also be asked to perform automatic management, and establish management measure that can be applied, which includes performance establishment and performance measurement of a ventilation facility.