再探「高興」類近義詞：基於語料庫工具輔助之辨析研究

A Revisit on Near-synonyms Relevant to “Gaoxing”: A Corpus-tool-based Analysis

過去近義詞的研究，多由研究者參照偏誤或主觀選取，再逐句分析；此分析方式雖較細緻，但耗力費時。「高興」一詞討論甚多，但各家對孰為「高興」近義詞看法不一，本研究運用語料庫工具輔助找出並分析「高興」類近義詞20個；本研究根據詞性及論元結構，將20個詞分為四類：狀態句賓動詞、狀態謂賓動詞、狀態使動動詞、狀態不及物動詞。第一類再以可否作補語、動詞屬性是否為事實具意志、可否後接「起來」區辨；從顯著特徵來看，「高興」和其他詞差異最大。第四類依句法搭配再分類，第一次類可搭配祈願句，第二次類不可；第一次類中，「喜悅」和其他詞差異最大，「開心」和「快樂」最近似；第二次類中，「喜歡」和其他詞差異最大，「驚喜」和「欣悅」最近似。本研究將詞彙的上下文語境作為判別近義詞的考量依據，並從語意及句法探討近義詞的用法，研究方法客觀，本研究可應用至教學、教材編輯及工具書編纂。

Previous studies examine near-synonyms with reference to interlanguage errors or researchers' subjective selection, which brings out analysis in detailed but time-consuming. The verb gaoxing is widely discussed. However, researchers have different opinions on its synonyms. This paper utilizes corpus tools to find out the near-synonyms of gaoxing and probes into them via CQP web. According to their part-of-speeches and argument structures, 20 near-synonyms relevant to gaoxing are classified into four types: First, a stative verb with a sentential object; second, a stative verb with a verbal object; third, a stative causative verb; fourth, a stative intransitive verb. The first one is further grouped by the verb behaviors of being a complement or not, with or without realis and volition values and of being followed by qilai or not. Among them, the features of gaoxing are most distinctive from other verbs. Further, based on collostructions, the fourth one is divided into two subtypes: The former can occur in an optative sentence but the latter cannot. In the former subtype, xiyue behaves most differently from others whereas kaixin and kuaile behave most similarly. In the latter subtype, xihuan behaves most differently from others whereas jingxi and xinyue behave most similarly. In this study, context factors are included in the discrimination of Chinese near-synonyms. From a viewpoint of semantics and syntax, the analyses of near-synonyms in this paper are objective, and can be applied to teaching as well as textbook and reference book compilation.