論清初《說文》學之興起

A Study of Shuo Wen in the Early Qing Dynasty

本文嘗試從「明末考據學風」，「清初諸儒《說文》學之啟發」、「清初官定《康熙字典》」等原因，探索清初《說文》學之興起。關於清初《說文》學之發展與考據學大盛有密切之關係，而清代考據學研究，學者多以為與明末學術風氣轉變有關。明中葉以後，學術風氣轉變，但對於《說文》研究，其實並不算重視明代政權滅亡後，由明至清的遺老們，對於明代學術之流弊，更是深切檢討，其中又以顧炎武（1613-1682）最具代表性，被稱為清代學術的開山宗師，促進回歸漢學傳統之學術風潮。顧炎武《說文》學論述雖是不多，但其研究方法與精神。啟發了後學者之研究再者，許慎《說文解字》成書於東漢，與漢代經學關係密切，因此清初諸家研究《說文》，最先關注《說文》之經學意義，而《說文》與經學最直接明顯之關連，是其引用經書之部分。其次，清初官方對於《說文》研究亦有所影響，康熙皇帝下詔編纂《康熙字典》。書中大量引用《說文》，加之《說文》的漢學背景，使得當時學者認識到《說文》的重要性，進而研究《說文》。

This paper attempts from the Ming and Qing Dynasties academic environment, explore the reasons Qing Dynasty, 'Shuo wen' the rise of science. After the mid-Ming, academic atmosphere changes, but 'Shuo wen' research, in fact, is not valued. After the demise of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming and Qing scholars, academic disadvantages for the Ming Dynasty, is the deep review, among which the most representative Gu, known academic master of the Qing Dynasty, then return to the promotion of academic tradition of Sinology wave. Gu, 'Shuo wen' Although it is not much discussed in school, but because of great reputation, discourses easier for scholars see, vulnerable to post-Enlightenment scholars. Moreover, Xu Shen, 'Shuo wen' a book in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty and Confucian closely, therefore, all the early Qing Dynasty home study, 'Shuo wen' The first concern, 'Shuo wen' The classical significance. Second, the early Qing Dynasty official for 'Shuo wen' Research also affected, the Kangxi Emperor of codification 'Kang Xi Zi Dian', the book draws heavily on 'Shuo wen' so it was recognizing the importance of academics, 'Shuo wen', and then research, 'Shuo wen.'