遼代契丹族群之漢學

Sinology of The Qidan Calnsman in The Liao Dynasty

契丹人所建立之遼朝，除去北方族群外，由於統治之範圍包括受漢化之渤海國及漢人居住之燕雲十六州地區，無可避免地接觸及漢文化。契丹族群對待漢文化之態度，由其採用部分漢制與接受漢學可以看出。在漢學方面以儒學與文藝來觀察，在受漢學之90 人中，皇族佔有六成，舅族佔有二成餘，而兩族為遼朝政權之核心，共佔有八成餘。契丹族群之漢學以人數與作品而言，皆以遼代中期為盛，初期與晚期大略相當，漢學中以文學方面最多，其次為經史類。亦有少數為精通各類之通儒；但現今留存而所能見到之作品甚少，故對其內容難以討論。契丹族群對漢學之研習及接觸了解者，應遠多於本文所探討之人數，如行政之需要、文書之書寫、宗教信仰、官僚交往等都需要具有相當程度之漢學，由於史料關係，則無法詳盡。

The Liao Dynasty that the Qidan Calnsman set up was unavoidably exposed tothe Chinese culture because the range of governance includes the Chinesizing Bohaicountry and the areas of 16 Yanyun states inhabited by the Hans. The attitude of theQidan Calnsman to the Chinese culture could be found out by the adoption of someChinese institutions and the acceptance of Sinology. Observing with literature and artand with Confucianism in Sinology, among 90 people who received Sinology, thepeople of imperial lineage occupied 60%, the uncle clan occupied more than 20%, andtwo clans were the core of regime , occupied more than 80% altogether.Sinology of the Qidan Calnsman, as for number of people and works, flourishedin the middle period of the Liao Dynasty, about equal generally in initial stage and laterperiod. Sinology was the most with literature, secondly with scripture and history.There were also a few erudite scholars who mastered all kinds of sinology. But thereare very few works that can be preserved to be seen now, so it is difficult to discusstheir contents. The number of the Qidan Calnsman who studied, contacted andunderstood the sinology should exceed the number of people investigated in this article,such as the needs of administration, the writing of copy clerk, the religious belief, theassociation with bureaucrats, etc. All the above-mentioned people needed sinology tosome degree. By virtue of historical data, it is unable to be exhaustive.