析論東坡詞之沿襲與創新──以〈南歌子〉為例

An Analysis of Su Shi’s Transmission and Innovation —“Nan ge zi” as Example

蘇東坡詞作產量豐富，生活上的點點滴滴皆能入詞。因此除了承襲前人的詞風外，並大膽地改變詞風，多了樂觀曠達、詼諧風趣的筆調，使詞自此樹立了「豪放」一格。本文擬以〈南歌子〉詞牌為例，先溯及調名源起、爬梳蘇東坡及前人之〈南歌子〉詞作的狀況，再著重於內容主題的探究。從敦煌曲子詞開始，依序為晚唐五代詞、宋初詞人所作，將之與東坡所有的〈南歌子〉作品做比較，探討東坡在此一詞牌上，如何在沿襲前人的同時，進而開創新的內容格調，以窺東坡詞的沿襲與創新，以及瞭解其寄志於筆端的高明與用心。

Su Shi's creative prowess is unmatched, and the vicissitudes of his life gradually became the content of his lyric (ci). Besides following the traditions of past lyric writers, he also brazenly changes the style of his lyrics by adding vast, optimistic timbers into his writing, establishing a style that is both virile and unrestrained (hao fang). This paper uses ＂nan gezi＂ as example and first traces back the origins of this tune, clarify how Su Shi's ＂nan gezi＂ involves past writers of the same tiune, and then emphasize the main topic of discussion in this paper. It begins from the tunes found in Dunhuang and follows the late Tang and Five Dynasties lyrics, the works of early Song lyric writers. Next the paper compares these tunes with Su Shi's ＂Nan gezi＂ to investigate how he borrows the works of past writers, to then create a unique literary style. This allows us to peer into the transmission and innovation of Su Shi's lyric and to understand how he elucidates on his own aspirations and brilliance in these works.