消極報應，積極翻案：岳飛劇之洩忿補恨主題初探

The theme of offsetting the tragic historical facts in the dramas about Yue Fei

岳飛領兵抗金，為國抵禦外侮，卻終落得下獄身死的下場，其一生經歷傳奇，為人所關注。岳飛以彪炳功勳卻為奸臣秦檜所陷而置身死一事，尤其打動人心，令人忿忿不平，也因此成為戲曲作品取材時的重點。針對岳飛的冤獄，除寄予同情與表達憤怒外，也試圖制裁造成冤獄的兇手，使得他們獲得因有的懲罰，以達成惡有惡報，善有善報的道德指標，因此有關秦檜冥報的戲曲作品，成為岳飛戲的大宗。然僅有消極的惡有惡報，尚不足以圓滿民眾心中對岳飛遭遇的遺憾，於是徹底改寫歷史，扼殺冤獄於為形成前的戲曲作品應運而生。本文就目前可考之岳飛主題戲曲，對於其中如何面對岳飛冤獄與未能驅逐金虜等不圓滿所造成的遺憾，採取何種方式來療癒傷痛，作一爬梳整理，可發現岳飛戲面對歷史上的遺憾，以秦檜死後遭冥報劇情為大宗，雖有積極補恨翻案歷史的情節，但卻未如前者成為經典劇碼，搬演至今。

TYue Fei (岳飛) led the defense of Southern Song against invaders from the Jin Dynasty. However, even if Yue Fei did a marvelous feat, he died of miscarriage of justice. The historical facts make people feel regretful and anger, in particular Qin Hui (秦檜) fabricated a groundless accusation to kill Yue Fei. Qin Hui did't get any sanctions when he was alive, so people hope he could be punished. For this reason, dramatists wrote some dramas about the story of Yue Fei. In the story, Qin Hui was tortured in hell, Yue Fei earned his commendation in heaven. The plot about retribution of Qin Hui makes people feel better, but it not enough. Some People want the historical facts of Yue Fei never happen, so dramatists wrote the Reverse dramas. In Reverse dramas, Yue Fei didn't be put to death, he led the defense against invaders and won the war. This article will discuss the drama about the story of Yue Fei, show the dramatists how to organize plots to repair the sorrow of history.