論《玄怪錄‧華山客》故事情節之承衍

The descent and transformation of hwuashanke in “shyuan guai lu”poem

本文以《玄怪錄．華山客》和六朝及唐五代志怪小說為討論範圍，分析〈華山客〉一文故事情節之繼承與轉變、幻設與作意。從繼承與轉變來看，可分為精怪報恩與其他，〈華山客〉繼承了六朝的動物精怪報恩情節，而《玄中記》中關於狐的描述，也和〈華山客〉強調狐妖的預知能力有異曲同工之妙，但〈華山客〉稍有轉變，故狐妖能預知自己修道中的劫難。而其他情節則有狐、冢／墓之關係與胡人識寶，若從神話學角度切入，則可發現冢／墓對於狐妖有死亡與重生之作用；至於後者則常見於唐人小說中，但狐妖所贈之物卻和道教外丹有關聯，符合其修道者身分，表現出作者不排斥於小說創作中運　用道教元素。幻設與作意則可分為精怪乞命、精怪修煉、反自薦枕席傳統。〈華山客〉中的狐妖不但能從容地選擇幫助者，党超元之姓名也符合精怪乞命故事中的幫助者通常地位較高，而精怪修煉則是唐五代受到道教影響而產生。至於反自薦枕席傳統則表現在狐妖對党超元的調侃，除了是對於自薦枕席的反撥，也符合狐妖的修道者身分。總之，從〈華山客〉中可見文人再創作時結合各母題，除了繼承傳統外也有反傳統的表現，因此形成與六朝志怪小說不同的趣味，此篇上承六朝志怪小說，下開五代狐妖修鍊故事，故有其重要性。

In this paper, the ”mysterious strange recorded” 'the guest from Huashan' and the Six Dynasties and Tang and Five Ghost Stories discussion range 'the guest from Huashan' the inheritance and transformation of a story, the Imaginary and as intended. Inheritance and Transformation of view, can be divided into Spirit gratitude, 'the guest from Huasha' inherited the Six animals of Spirits gratitude plot, ”mysterious mind” on Fox, stressed and 'the guest from Huashan' the Fox Spirit the ability to predict the same purpose, but 'the guest from Huashan' slightly changed, so the fox spirit can predict their monastic catastrophe. And other circumstances of Fox the mound / tomb's relationship with the barbarian as treasures from the perspective of mythology cut, you can mound / tomb fox demon of death and rebirth; the latter is common in Chinese fiction, the Fox Spirit gift thing associated with and Taoist outside Tang, in line with the identity of the ascetics, showing the author does not exclude the use of Taoist elements in the creation of the novel.Magic for Italy can be divided into Spirit begging for life, Spirit practice, anti-introduce ourselves pillow mat tradition. In 'the guest from Huashan' Fox Spirit not only can calmly select Help, the party super element of the name is also in line of Spirits the begging for life story of the help usually of higher status, the Gremlin practice is Tang and Five Dynasties by the influence of Taoism. As for the pillow mat tradition of anti-introduce ourselves as in the Fox Spirit party over ridicule, in addition to introduce ourselves to pillow mat Backwash, also in line with the fox spirit of monasticism. In short, the combination of visible when the re-creation of the literati from 'the guest from Huashan' each motif, in addition to inheriting outside the traditional anti-traditional, thus creating the Six Ghost Stories taste, this post on the order of the Six Ghost Stories, under open Five fox spirit repair chain story, so it is important.