探「甭」及與其近義之方言合音字

甭 and its near-synonyms of dialect characters which pronunciation is a combination of two characters

合音字，是由兩個音節急讀成一個音節的字，而被合音的字與合音字有意義上的關聯。合音字的類型，可分為一、字形與音義無關合音字；二、字形完全合體合音字；三、字形部份拼合合音字。「甭」，音[pәn35]，依《辭海》解釋：「讀如不用二字急讀之合音。即『不用』之意。今北語通用之。」「不用」二字合為一字，最早見於北齊．顏之推《顏氏家訓‧卷七‧雜藝第十九》，當時將「不用」的合文作為「罷」的俗字而言。依唐．郎知年《正名要務》，可得知此「罷」之俗字為「甭」。但「甭」字在當時是以會意的造字方式作為「罷」的俗字，字形並不具有表音的功能。根據教育部《漢語方言用字參考表》，與「甭」近義的方言，且也是採二字合體的合音字有六個：覅、嫑、甮、□、□、□。本文僅簡單以列表方式說明各方言合音字的形、音、義及使用方言區，並探出方言的語音對於其造字有很大的影響。

合音字 means a character whose pronunciation is a combination of two characters, and the meaning of this character could be link to the two character of pronunciation. There are 3 types of 合音字: 1. a character whose pronunciation is a combination of two characters, but the new glyph has no relationship with its pronunciation and meaning; 2. a character whose pronunciation is a combination of two characters, and the new glyph, pronunciation, and meaning are all the combination of two characters; 3. a character whose pronunciation is a combination of two characters, but the new glyph is just a the combination from part of these two characters.甭, the pronouns [pәn35]. According to ”辭海” , ”it sounds like 不用 ([pu35][yәn51]; need not) reading fastly, and it also means 不用(need not). Today it uses in northern languages.” The character, which is the combination of 不用, was first recorded from ”Admonitions for the Yan Clan” in the Northern Qi Dynasty. According to ”Admonitions for the Yan Clan” , the Northern Qi Dynasty people considered the character which is the combination of 不用 as the folk character of 罷. In addition, according to ”正名要務” of LangZhiLian in Tang Dynasty, the folk character of 罷 writes as 甭. But at that time, the character 甭 was a ideographic character, and we cannot know the pronunciation of 甭 from its glyph.According to ”漢語方言用字參考表” of Ministry of Education, R.O.C., there are six dialect characters which pronunciation is combination of two characters and near-synonyms for 甭: 覅、嫑、甮、□、□、□. Here, I just make a list to show the glyphs, pronunciation, meaning, and used areas of these characters. From these dialect characters, we can find out that the pronunciation of dialect could impact glyph creating a lot.