熟悉的異域──《十二國記》時空設置對中國文化之承繼及援引考論

Familiar foreign land─ 'The Twelve Kingdoms' space-time setting for inherit Chinese culture and quote research

本篇所欲討論的《十二國記》，其內容為講述「蓬萊」、「九州」、「崑崙」三個獨立卻又相連在實與虛之間交互流轉的奇幻世界。綜觀文本，小野不由美確實以生動超凡的筆觸刻劃完成一部奇幻大作，將虛構大地裡的生命力量具體表述，藉由鮮明的人物形象與獨創的時空系統，援用自中國神話思維卻不為己設限，且在融合與援引中，引領讀者體會到深刻的生命寓意。且《十二國記》的世界結構雖是架空的概念，但在空間建置與思想的灌溉上，卻是大量引用自《山海經》、緯書與道教、魑魅魍魎與神仙的世界，在這廣大的空間裡，生命沒有圓形回歸的重生概念，於是只能安份於當下，卻又透過仙山刻劃了永生的保證，帶出人性對於不朽生命的渴望。筆者透過時空設置的考論，對中日文化互相關涉的情況方有更深入的理解，並藉此一研議來考論《十二國記》在時空的設置上援用自何種中國神話，成為比較兩地文化基石。相較於前人，多以《十二國記》改編之動畫作一研究範疇，而未真正銓解文本中所蘊含的中華文化，由此本篇便著重補強並更強調探究其神話的根源及與中華文化之間的文學交融，透過文本於時間、空間兩大神話因子的設置安排，將其特色與因由做一嘗試性討論，望能引領出作者背後所欲蘊生的生命價值。

”The Twelve Kingdoms”, is the story about ”Penglai”, ”Kyushu”, and ”Kunlun”, three worlds that is independent but coherent. The book is constructed between both real and fantasy. You could find that ”小野不由美”, the author, strokes the characters with vivid and extraordinary way. She was inspired by the myths of China but injected new spiritual to new story. From the implication of book, the reader will find out another vision of life.The structure of ”The Twelve Kingdoms” is based on the idea ”Empty” but the author is also affected from ”Shanhaijing”, ”Weishu”, Taoism, ghosts and monster. She tries to convince that life will not be reincarnated in the world of book, so it brings that people should life in real moment. However, the author still illustrates eternal life of god to show the human desire for immortal life.The arrangement of time space of the story is sophisticated in order to conduct the further discussion between Chinese and Japanese culture. It is milestone for comparative literature once we could learn which parts of book are actually quoted from the myth of China.Most of the arguments related to same topic are presented without such exquisite Chinese content. This statement is focused on the root of Chinese myth and how it was intergraded with Chinese traditional culture. The research is started from the arrangement of time and space and provided more specific hint that author hides in the story.