學詩當以子美為師──論陳師道學杜詩之淵源與方法

Learning poetry should be based on Du Fu ─ Research of the origin and method of Chen Shih-Dao study of Du Fu's poem

陳師道（1053－1101），字屢常，一字無己，別號後山居士，為江西詩派代表性詩人。其最初學詩於黃庭堅，以掌握杜詩之形式技巧，最終轉求杜甫作詩之正法，並以杜詩為學詩之最高指導原則。本文共分三部份，其一，陳師道學杜詩之淵源，此部份論述陳師道學詩由黃入杜的歷程，以及其尊崇杜甫的原因。其二，陳師道學杜詩之方法，此處又細分為從外在形式上學習，與從內涵風格上學習兩大區塊。最後另作綜論，總結陳師道學杜詩之方法，以「立格」、「命意」、「用字」為其學習杜詩之要旨。藉由本文之探討，使陳師道學詩宗杜之脈落與方法有較為清楚的呈現。

Chen Shih-Dao (1053-1101), the word Lou Chang, the word Wu Ji, alias Hou Shi lay for the poetry sects of Jiangxi representative poet. Its initial study poetry Tingjian master s Poems in the form of skills, and ultimately turn to Du Fu's poetry of the Dhamma, and Du Fu is the highest guiding principle of the Poem. This paper is divided into three parts, one of Chen Shih-Taoism The origin of Tu Fu, this part discusses the study poetry, Chen Shih Road into by Huang Du's history, as well as their respected Du Fu reason. Second, Chen Shih Road, Du Fu's method, here subdivided into learning from the external form, and learn two blocks from the connotation of style. Summary of the last alternative, summary Chen Shih-Tao Du Fu of Du Fu of the essence, ”Kriging”, ”life meaning” and ”word” to learn. By this article of the Poem Du, Chen Shih Road pulse drop and clear.