儒、道二化的文學思想家──劉勰學術思想歸屬研究

The Literary Author and Thinker Mixed with Confucianism and Taoism ─The Research on Liu, Xie’s Academic Thought

本文基於前人對《劉子》作者為劉勰之相關辯證釋疑、及《文心雕龍》與《劉子》二書之系統相關研究之基礎上，欲作「儒道二化」學術歸屬的進一步深入探討。首先，關於劉勰學術身分釋疑與定位問題：筆者認為劉勰為一文學家兼思想家；其於學術流派歸屬方面為一「折衷家」，又以儒、道二化為要，是為「以道為體、以儒為用」。其次，其學術以道家為體：劉勰以道家為個人生命及文學創作之本源。在養生之道方面，其認為養生之順序為「性全」、「清神」、「心清」、「形無累」以達「道至」，因此，著重在「防慾」、「去情」、「養氣」以保「性全」。而「養氣」與文學之關係亦密不可分，《文心雕龍‧神思》認為神思的關鍵在於元氣，故養氣有利於文思的敏銳。最後，其學術以儒學為用：儒學為劉勰的入世思想理論。於禮樂治國方面，劉勰直承儒家雅正音樂而來，主張「樂心」為音樂的中心思想，認為「中和」之致為音樂最高境界，並重視以雅樂來改變風俗。於修德招福方面，其認為君子要慎其獨，唯有不斷地自我修德方能祈求福祐。筆者經由上述對《文心雕龍》與《劉子》之析論，認為二書相似度極高，當中透過「內證」以確認《劉子》為劉勰所作，亦使得劉勰的學術身分定位研究更為完整、深入。

Based on the previous research on related dialectics and doubts about the author of ”Liuzi” is Liu, Xie, and the one on the system of ”Wen Xin Diao Long” and ”Liuzi”, I want to do the research on academic attribution mixed with Confucianism and Taoism further.First, about the doubts and position of the academic status of Liu, Xie: I believe that Liu, Xie is a writer and thinker. His academic schools attribution is ”Eclectic”, especially mixed with Confucianism and Taoism, so it is said that his academics ”For system with Taoism, and for to use with Confucianism.” Secondly, his academics for system with Taoism: Liu, Xie considers Taoism as the origin of personal life, and writing. In the way of ”Yang- sheng”, Liu, Xie considers the order of ”Yang-sheng” is ”Xing-quan”, ”Qing-shen”, ”Xinqing”, ”Xing-wu-lei”, and ”Dao-zhi”. Liu, Xie puts importance on ”Fang-yu”, ”Qu-qing”, and ”Yang-sheng”, and he uses them to get the ”Xing-quan”. Furthermore, there is intimate relationship between ”Yang-sheng” and Literature, Liu, Xie considers ”Yuan- sheng” as the key for ”Shen-si”. Therefore, ”Yangsheng” is good for the adroitness of the train of thought in writing. Finally, his academics for to use with Confucianism: Liu, Xie's worldly theory is Confucianism. About the running the country well with ceremony and music, Liu, Xie inherits directly from graceful music of Confucianism. He stands for that ”the heart of music” is the central idea of music, and considers ”Neutralization” is the highest state of music. He places importance on changing the custom with elegant music. About the cultivating virtue to pray for blessings, he considers the gentleman should be cautious independently, and must cultivating virtue continuously to pray for more blessings.The above analyses about ”Wen Xin Diao Long” and ”Liuzi”, I consider the high similarity between these two books. I do it through the ”internal evidence” to confirm the author of ”Liuzi” is Liu, Xie, and it makes the research on position of the academic status of Liu, Xie more completely and further.