北朝民歌人物形象析述

Analysis and description of the images of North Dynasty ballads’ characters

北朝民歌之題材範圍較南朝樂府更加深刻廣闊，然由於數量不多，較受學界忽視，或局限於與南朝樂府作比較，或僅注意到其樸質剛健的本色。直到譚潤生《北朝民歌》專著問世，對北朝民歌的研究方可謂獲得較全面的視野。而此文試圖另闢蹊徑，以北朝民歌中之人物形象作為主題，畫分北朝民歌之人物為典型形象及獨立形象二類。其中典型形象又分英雄豪傑、追求愛情女子及懷思愁人三類；而獨立形象則為貴族公主、敗軍之將及嬌羞愛情女子。再針對人物之描寫歸納出明白簡要的直敘手法、抓住具象徵性的畫面表達、通過動作來描繪人物、以比興手法描繪人物四種方式。期望透過此文對北朝民歌人物形象的分析，能更豐富北朝民歌在內容及文學上的價值。

The subjects of North Dynasty ballads have a wider range than South Dynasty's Yue Fu (ballads of the South Dynasty). However, since there is a limited amount, they have been neglected by researchers, or only limited to comparing with South Dynasty's Yue Fu, or just noticed their plain and vigorous features. Until the release of Mr. Tan Run-Sheng's ”Ballads of the North Dynasty”, people then have a more complete vision of the studies of the North Dynasty's ballads. This article tries to explore another aspect, took the images of North Dynasty ballads' characters as the main theme, and divided the characters into two types, includes typical image and independent image. In addition, typical image also further divided into three types, including heroes, women pursuing love and people with sad feelings. As for independent images, they include noble princesses that do not care about people, losers with nowhere to go and shy women that are in love. This article has also sum up four kinds of technique in describing the characters, including the simple and brief direct description technique, description via symbolic pictures, description via actions, and figurative description. This article wishes to enrich the content and literature value of the North Dynasty ballads via the analysis of the images of North Dynasty ballads' characters.