先秦至漢「慎獨」觀念的發展──兼論郭店楚簡《五行》「慎獨」的解釋

Aspects of the Development of the Conception of“Shen Du”from Warring States Period to Western Han ─further explanation about the shen du”(慎獨)in “Wu Xing”(五行) in the Chu Bamboo Manuscripts of Guodian

本文的目的在探討先秦至漢期間「慎獨」觀念的發展。除了逐一爬梳這時期的相關文獻記載外（暫不涉及傳注材料），還補入出土文獻中的相關記載。本文將討論的議題有二：一是文獻材料中「慎獨」觀念的發展情況；二是郭店《五行》「慎獨」的正確理解。題目設定在先秦至漢，主要是考慮本文的材料。本文藉由郭店楚簡的「慎獨」材料，討論儒家修養論的重要觀點「慎獨」，除了釐清各傳世文獻裡「慎獨」的意涵演變，也討論到簡帛《五行》「經」、「說」二分的觀點，希冀能對先秦至漢的「慎獨」思想的理解有所裨益。

The purpose of this study is to discuss the issue related the ancient Chinese personal cultivation-”shen du” (慎獨). This paper discusses the conception of ”shen du” in the documents appearing in an excavation unearthed besides inheritable ancient classics. As space is limited, I will concentrate on the development of ”shen du” (慎獨). The effect of ”shen du” in different thinker or classics is too complicated to be examined in detail here. I will concentrate on the following issues: the development of the conception ”shen du” and the correct explanation of the conception ”shen du” in Chu Bamboo Manuscripts of Guodian. We are not concerned with the documents of Sung dynasty because it is another system.