聞一多的〈詩經詞類〉商榷

Deliberating over Wen Yi-Duo’s“The Word Class of SHIJUNG ”

聞一多有關《詩經》的研究論文，至今仍引起學界不少的爭論，許多學者從文化人類學的角度去解讀聞氏的《詩經》觀點，認為聞氏將《詩經》研究帶入新的學術視角，而推崇其貢獻，也有不少學者批評他忽略傳統經學訓詁，而任意改字改讀、濫用假借等，筆者在本文中試從文法的角度研究聞氏的〈詩經詞類〉，發現聞氏不僅以漢語習慣詮釋《詩經》，也從英文文法的思考模式詮釋《詩經》中的字詞，但仍有不少待商榷之處。聞氏對《詩經》字詞的認識，有承襲古人的語法觀，亦對這些詞類進行詞性和詞義的分類，在《詩經》語法學史上，由先秦乃至民國初年，更是一大突破。但往往應兩、三詩句並看者，聞氏卻截章斷句，論其句式，不免犯了「誤論詞性」、「誤析句子構詞」、「誤釋詞義」、「任意改字改讀」等缺失。由此辨證，不僅可以知道聞氏對《詩經》語法的思考模式，又可以瞭解聞氏是如何在民初的《詩經》語法學作出何種的貢獻，引用西方的語法理論，將漢語詞性分得更加細密，凸顯漢語一詞多義之現象。

Until today, Wen Yi-Duo’s study about “SHIJUNG” cause many arguments.Many scholars understand Wen Yi-Duo’s angle about “SHIJUNG” from the“Cultural Anthropology,” and point it out that Wen brings the study of“SHIJUNG” into the new area, and enthrone his contribution. But from Anotheraspect, there are many scholars criticizing Wen that ignores the traditionalscholium to change words and pronunciations at random. This essay tries todiscuss “The Word Class of SHIJUNG ” by construing and then find that Wendeciphers SHIJUNG with the Chinese and English grammar .Wen follows the ancients’ Syntax to decipher SHIJUNG and class thesewords. From Qin dynasty until the Republic Era, Wen’ study transcends theancients’ viewpoints, but Wen unavoidably mistakes. For example, we need tounderstand “SHIJUNG” by two or three sentences. But Wen separates from themso that Wen misunderstands the meaning of the word. Therefore, Wen has the“misunderstanding the part of speech ,” “mis-analyzing the structure ofsentence ,” “misunderstanding the meaning of the word,” “changing words andpronunciations at random.”.