「玄與神」──陳景元丹道思想探析

Xuan and Shen：A study on Chen Jing Yuan's Inner Alchemic thought

以往學者認為陳景元之道具有「重玄」的意味，是由於開題中的「此皆起 自先賢，且仍舊貫，此經以重淵為宗，自然為體，道德為用，其要在乎治身、治國。」 而發展的思想脈絡。本文不反對重玄為陳景元老子詮釋的主幹，但認為學者對「重玄」 的內涵論析仍不夠充分。因此，本文首先定義陳景元「重玄」的意涵，說明陳景元以「玄 之又玄，神之又神」解釋重玄的思想脈絡。解釋「玄」跟「神」在陳景元思想中之義， 以及兩詞的丹道特質。再者，解釋「神」在陳景元思想的各種意涵；如「神」跟陳景元 宇宙論和本體論的關係，包括何謂「神鬼」、「神帝」、神明等等，具體說明「神」在陳 景元宇宙觀描述的完整內容。最後，描寫「神」如何在個體的構造，甚至描述養神之丹 道工夫如何涵蓋於「玄之又玄，神之又神」的意涵內，說明陳景元的工夫論與宇宙觀皆 是個「玄之又玄，神之又神」之丹道思想體系。

Up until now, scholars believe that Chen Jing Yuan's “Dao” can be classified as being influenced by the “chong xuan” school of Daoist thought. This thought pattern derives from Cheng Jing Yuan's Lao zi commentary's introduction. In this introduction Chen Jing Yuan describes Lao zi saying： “This classic's central point is ‘chong xuan'”. This paper does not argue against the fact that Chen Jing Yuan believes that Lao zi's thought's central concept is “chong xuan”, but scholars up until now have yet to expound upon Chen Jing Yuan's conception of “chong xuan”. In order to offer academia a more complete understand of Chen Jing Yuan's thought, this paper thus looks into what meaning “Chong xuan” has in Chen Jing Yuan's thought. Thus using “xuan zhi you xuan” as “chong xuan” , and using his commentary on this sentence as a basis for describing how Chen Jing Yuan defines “xuan” and its relation to “shen” as Chen Jing Yuan says： “xuan zhi you xuan shen zhi you shen”. This paper thus explains the meaning behind this sentence and its relation to inner alchemy. Also this paper expounds upon Chen Jing Yuan's “shen” concept and its relation to his thought system. For instance how Chen Jing Yuan uses “shen” to serve as the creator of Heaven and Earth, the source of all change in the universe, and as an important concept that serves as a focus of his inner alchemic practice. In doing so, bringing light to the fact that these different levels of “shen” and “xuan” in Chen Jing Yuan's thought are an inner alchemic thought system, and serve as an explanation of Chen Jing Yuan's “chong xuan” description of “xuan zhi you xuan shen zhi you shen”.