臺北市立動物園的遊憩化觀視與自然化地景：動物倫理觀點的分析

Recreational Visuality and Naturalized Landscape in the Taipei Zoo: A View from Animal Ethics

動物園作為拘禁場所，何以能與親子遊憩樂園的特質並存？動物權利及倫理倡議為何在動物園遮蔽不顯？本文以觀視體制的遊憩化，以及地景構成的自然化，回應前述提問。動物園中占主導地位的遊憩觀視體制，在特定論述、文本裝置、空間配置與例行言行支持下，壓抑了知識教育觀視，以及倫理觀視，從而確保人類以獵奇、愉悅而淡然的態度面對受禁閉動物，並形成追蹤明星動物的差異化觀看。再者，景觀設計塑造出自然氛圍，召喚生態棲地想像，藉此自然化與軟化動物的圈禁，但更重視遊客觀賞的便利、安全與樂趣。因此，若要從動物權角度重建動物園的倫理觀視，必須徹底改變其基本定位。

How can zoos be both family recreational paradise and the place for animal imprisonment? Why the animal rights and ethics advocacies are absent in zoos? The authors argue that the recreational regime of visuality and the naturalization of landscape are answers to these questions. The educational visuality and the ethical visuality are suppressed under the dominant recreational visuality, supported by specific discourses, textual installations, spatial arrangements, and routine behaviors in zoos. The dominant regime of visuality ensures an attitude of novelty seeking, pleasure-pursuing, and indifference toward the imprisoned animals, and forms a differentiated way of seeing that focuses on celebrity animals. Furthermore, natural ambience shaped by the landscape design invokes the imagination of ecological habitats to naturalize and soften the confinement of animals, while the convenience, safety, and enjoyment of tourists are privileged. Finally, the authors propose a thoroughly repositioning of zoos to construct an ethical visuality that affirms the animal rights.