安養機構住民生活適應相關因素初探－－以台北市某公費安養機構為例

The factors affecting the relocation adjustment for the residents: A case study of a long term care facility in Taipei

入住安養機構後的高齡者常會因生活型態和居住環境的改變而面臨適應困難，產生生理與心理的不適，甚至社會功能降低，故本研究目的為探討影響安養機構住民其生活適應之因素為何，以結構式問卷調查，依立意抽樣方式訪談在臺北市某公立安養機構中入住時間未滿五年，且認知功能無礙之高齡者，有效樣本共計31位。研究結果發現過往研究所探討的性別、年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀況、語言文化、入住原因、自覺入住選擇權、機構辦理活動之參與程度等因素，與住民之生理、心理及社會適應程度並無顯著差異，惟過去工作類型對其生理適應有顯著差異，且其休閒參與時間對社會適應程度亦有顯著差異，表示住民自由選擇的休閒參與時間愈多者，其對機構之實質與人際環境的適應程度愈佳。因此安養機構應鼓勵新入住住民自行安排日常休閒活動，強化其自我決定與自主性。

The transition from home to long-term care is destabilizing for new residents. There are unsettling changes to familiar life style and living environment. The purpose of the study is to explore the factors associating with the relocation adjustment for the resident in a long term care facility in Taipei. Purposeful sampling was adopted to recruit 31 residents who lived in the facility within 5 years and shows no cognitive impairment. Results revealed that most of the background and personal factors, including gender, age, level of education, marriage statement, language culture, and the option and reason for admission, were not associated with the physical, psychological, and social adjustment of relocation. However, the type of the past occupation was associated with physical adjustment, and the time for leisure participation was related to the social adjustment. Therefore, the residents could adjust to the social environment better if they have more free time for leisure. It is important to encourage the new resident to arrange their own leisure time and recreation to enhance self-determination and autonomy.