歐盟推動生質燃料之相關法制及配套措施

The Measures and Legal Systems of European Union for Promoting Biofuels

「生質物」（biomass）所生產之燃料（生質燃料）是目前唯一可大量使用於交通運輸工具，且其與傳統石化燃料性質非常相似且相對較具有價格競爭性。推動生質燃料之益處包括可以減少原油之進口與消費、增加能源供應之自主穩定性、減低溫室氣體排放、創造就業機會及改善生態環境等。2003年歐盟公佈「促進使用生質燃料或其他可再生燃料於交通運輸工具指令2003/30/EC」（簡稱：歐盟生質燃料指令），以促進生質燃料發展，以及修正「重建能源產品及電力租稅之共同體架構2003/96/EC指令」，會員國可免除生質燃料之燃料稅或減低其稅率。於2007年1月，歐盟執委會討論並提出「石油與柴油燃料品質指令DirectiveEC98/70」之修正案。除此之外，搭配其他一些配套措施，例如擬定「生質物行動計畫」（Biomass Action Plan）、採取「推動生質燃料策略」、進行「生質燃料之公眾諮詢」、公佈「生質燃料指令之檢視與執行成果報告」、規劃「可再生性能源藍圖」等。歐盟相關法制及配套措施積極地推動生質燃料的使用與生產。反觀在我國對於推動生質燃料政策贊成與反對觀點的爭議不斷，且其公開質疑的畫面常出現於媒體上。歐盟完整的配套措施，面對不斷上漲的油價及氣候變遷的惡化問題，決心克服推動生質燃料隨之而來的經濟、環保之負面影響與強化社會正面觀感等之諸多努力，值得我們借鏡與學習。

The fuels to that biomass is made, also known as biofuels, are currently the only available renewable energy for transports in larger quantities, and they have very similar characteristic and competitively price to traditional fossil fuel. The promotion of biofuels has the benefits of, in particular, reducing depends on imported oil and usage, securing sources of energy supply, reducing green-house gas emissions, creating job opportunities, and improving local environment. In 2003, European Union enacted not only “Diretive 2003/30/EC of the European Paliament and of the Council of 8 May 2003 on the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport” to promote the use of biofuels, but also “Diretive 2003/96/EC of 27 October 2003 restructuring the Community framework for the taxation of energy products and electricity” for amending the taxation of energy products and electricity. With Diretive 2003/96/EC, member states may exempt biofuels from fuel taxes or apply a reduced tax rate. In January of 2007, European Commission discussed and enacted the amendment to “Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive 93/12/EEC.”In addition, European Union also executes some other relative measures, such as drawing up “Biomass Action Plan”, adopting “EU Strategy for Biofuels”, proceeding “Public Inquiring for Biofuels”, publishing “National Report on the Implementation of Directive 2003/30/EC of 8 May 2003 on the Promotion of the Use of Biofuels or Other Renewable Fuels for Transport”, an mapping out “Renewable Energy Roadmap.” European Union proposed and modified lots of relative legislations and measures to enthusiastically promote the production and usage of biofuels. On the contrary, Taiwan still has some unceasing issues on biofuel promotion policy. The picture of public querying oft appears on mass media. European Union has integrated legislations and measures to deal with the up-raising oil price and degenerated climate changing problem, and also has absolute determination to overcome the negative effect of economics and environment to that promotion of biofuels leads and to intensify the positive impression of society. We concluded that European Union’s experiences and efforts provided a positive lesson for Taiwan.