網際網路空間中之國界──論國際網路司法管轄權之融合及其困境

National Borders in Cyberspace---A Bumpy Road Ahead to International Harmonization on Internet urisdiction Search for Public Interests in the Post- DMCA Era – Establishing the Anticircumvention Misuse Doctrine

由於網際網路無疆界之本質，其高度發展已經瓦解了傳統觀念中國家地理疆界與法律間之連結關係，也造成不同國家之法律、道德文化與主權於網際網路空間中，相互衝突之問題。然現行國際法之司法管轄權理論與規則，由於欠缺統一並具可預測性之規範架構，不但無法解決網際網路之發展所帶來之司法管轄權議題，亦限制了以網際網路為架構基礎之電子商務的發展。
本文首先介紹傳統國際法上國家司法管轄權之基本原則，並藉由近來美國與法國關於Yahoo!案之衝突，與美國iCrave TV 案之判決，檢討現行國際法下，國家司法管轄權於網際網路時代所面臨之問題，並探討其他各種科技或契約措施解決現行網際網路司法管轄權議題之可行性與其效率。本文進而探究海牙國際私法會議組織（Hague Conference on International Private Law）所草擬之「海牙國際民事司法管轄權與外國判決承認條約」（The Hague Convention on Jurisdiction and Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters）之背景、發展等問題，與其談判上之困難與困境。

The cyberspace, by its very nature, is transnational. The internet has eliminated the link between traditional geographic barriers and the law. The problem thus arises from the boundless nature of the internet is that different legal systems, norms, cultures, and sovereignties clash with each other. Start by unfolding the fundamental jurisdictional principles under International Law, this article examines the current status of the law of global internet jurisdiction by focusing the two recent cases, the Yahoo! cases and the U.S. iCrave TV case, and conclude that the traditional jurisdictional principles are over-inclusive, yet, in the same time, under-inclusive. This article thus further argues that the absence of predictability and uniformity of international jurisdictional rules boosts business costs and liability risk, which will be detrimental to the development of E-commerce. This article also examines various technological and contractual measures as alternative solutions in resolving internet jurisdiction and their efficiencies. This article then explores the Hague Judgments Project, its background, its purposes, the roadblocks that stand in the way of negotiations, and the collapse of this project. In conclusion, this article proposes that despite the failure to reach consensus in the original Hague Judgments Project, the E-commerce and internet community should continue advocate the adoption of the Hague Judgments Project. And the government officials, scholars, practitioners, and E-commerce communities in Taiwan shall keep close track with any developments and seeking for opportunities in participating the international efforts in these fields.