憲法「人性尊嚴」原則對於「人類胚胎」之保護與作用

The Guardianship and Function for the human embryo under the Principle of Dignity of Human Nature in Constitution

「人性尊嚴」一詞逐漸從「倫理道德」、「宗教」或「哲學」等之諸多概念脫離而成為有效的法規範，而且其成為現代憲法國家之基本價值。人類基因科技與生物醫學科技之發展有無牴觸人性尊嚴之原則已成一個重要議題。人類胚胎幹細胞之抽取往往導致胚胎的死亡，因而成為各國立法政策以及學說的倫理道德之激烈爭議，例如被抽取出來的幹細胞之胚胎是不是人？胚胎的法律地位為何？其受到的保護密度為何？人類胚胎之進行研究是否違背人性尊嚴？為了追求人類的醫療目的，其可否成為毀損人類胚胎之正當性理由？本論文欲從人性尊嚴之歷史演進與論理、我國大法官解釋對於人性尊嚴的實踐、人性尊嚴的保護應如何適用在人類胚胎、人性尊嚴對「人類胚胎」最低限度之保護以及我國關於「人類胚胎」之相關重要規定等之不同面向，來解析憲法「人性尊嚴」條款對於「人類胚胎」之保護與作用。

The phraseology of 「dignity of human nature」gradually leaves from the conceptions of「ethics」、「religion」、「philosophy」etc. and becomes an effective norm, and it comes to a basic value of a modern and national constitution. If the development of the human genetic technology and biomedical technology the contravenes the principle of dignity of human nature or not, that is an important issue. The taking of stem cell from human embryo leads to the death of embryo, therefore that becomes a drastically ethical argument. For example, Is a human embryo from which human stem cell is taken a human body？how is the the status of a human embryo？ how intensional is a human embryo protected？Contravenes the research of a human embryo the principle of dignity of human nature？Legitimatises the purpose of the human medicine the destroyness of a human embryo？ My this dissertation undertakes the analysises about the guardianship and function for the human embryo under the principle of dignity of human nature in constitution from different aspects: the historic development and theories of dignity of human nature 、interpretations of justices of constitutional court, J.Y. in Taiwan for the fulfillment of the dignity of human nature、the application of the protection of the dignity of human nature to a human embryo、the dignity of human nature for the most low protection of a human embryo and the different、important provisions in Taiwan related to a human embryo etc.