從公共財的觀點來看著作權的保障

From the Perspective of Public Goods Theory to Examine the Copyright Law-Relative to the MP3 Download on University Campus

本文作者藉由財產權來看公共財的發展與保障，研究發現財產權由例外擁有到天賦人權的當然保障，再因私有財的過度保障激盪出公共財的發展，是人類理性與集體行動下的結果。人類著作的靈感與創作幾乎都是立基於前人智慧，斷無全新的創作而無前人陰影。除可舉證與前人無關的全新創作外，應都屬於利用公共財之創意而造出私有財，此部分的成就我們必須肯認與保障其勞力所得而不被侵犯，但必須適度，其要件即在於公共財概念的運用。
大學教育受到學術獨立的保障，以維護施教、學習、研究與言論等諸多自由，屬於先驗的概念。基於前者，學生在校園內的影音下載，雖未經版權擁有者許可，皆可因此阻卻違法。以成大MP3 事件為例，本文認為：1.大學校園內之搜查必須符合比例原則與尊重自治精神；2.現有歌曲皆非原創，而是衍伸性的創新；3.歌曲一經轉換成數碼訊號流入網際網路中即成為公共財；4.沒有向私人付費使用公共財的道理；5.著作權人真的有損失了什麼嗎？！

In this article, the author tries to examine the public goods theory from the history of property protection. A long time ago, it is not easy to get the property and protect it, but today we protect the property too much to limit people’s action. However, people have developed the public goods theory by rational and collective action. All human ideas are from ancient intellect; all products are not pure dialectical innovation. It is important to protect the labor’s IP right, but only within reasonable range. There are five opinions for BT download in university to prevent illegal incidents. First, the procurator should consider the concept of proportion and the university’s academic freedom. Second, all songs are dialectical innovation. Third, a song belongs to the public goods when it is transferred to digital codes. Fourth, we do not need to pay a person for using public goods. Fifth, what does the copyright owner lose?