論兩岸科技立法

The Scientific Development and Legislation on China and Taiwan

台灣科技發展計畫源於1997 年7 月「中華民國科技白皮書」，陸續有科學技術基本法之公布、科技白皮書、國家科技發展計畫之制訂；此一程序係由國家科學委員會主導科技發展之制定計畫成果，而2004 年5月完成的「挑戰2008－國家發展重點計畫」，則以行政院經濟建設委員會為主導而訂定，成為近幾年台灣重點施政計畫之綱領與執行措施。
我國從1999 年1 月20 日通過公布「科學技術基本法」，確立推動科技發展的方針與原則，該法明定，政府應每四年訂定國家科學技術發展計畫；自基本法公布以來，行政院依次完成計畫與策略，作為我國推動科技發展依據。
中國大陸的科技發展計畫，近期最主要的特色為領導人胡錦濤於2006 年1 月9 日在全國科學技術大會發佈，堅持走中國特色自主創新道路，為建設創新型國家而努力奮鬥。會議的任務在部署實施「國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要（2006-2020 年）」，進一步開創全面建設小康社會、加快推進社會主義現代化的新局面。
本文以兩岸科技發展計畫為主軸，分析兩岸科技政策，並藉由立法組織的介紹，了解實現科技政策的立法作為，對比兩岸科技政策與立法成果，以為兩岸科技發展之借鏡。

Taiwan’s major science and technology development plans in the past decade are originated from the“ White Paper on Science and Technology of Republic of China” in July 1997. In the following years, the promulgation of the “Science and Technology Fundamental Act”, the announcement of the “White Paper on Science and Technology ”, along with the presentation of the “National Science and Technology Development Plan”, have demonstrated the achievements of sci-tech development plans led by the National Science Council. In May 2004, “Challenge 2008-National Development Plan” was presented under the leadership of the Council for Economic Planning and Development, of the Executive Yuan. It then has become the guiding star of Taiwan development plans in recent years.
Ever since the “Science and Technology Fundamental Act” was promulgated on 20 January 1999, the principles and directions to promote scientific and technological developments of this country have been assured. It is stated clearly in the Fundamental Act that the government should present a national science and technology development plan every four years. And since the Fundamental Act was enacted, the Executive Yuan has accomplished relevant plans and strategies as stipulated, laying a solid foundation for promoting scientific and technological developments in Taiwan.
The main features of recent technological development plans in China are those principles stated by President Hu, Jin-tao in the National Science and Technology Conference held on 9 January 2006. He stressed that China would stick to a “new way of innovated self-autonomy and innovation with Chinese characteristics while striving for becoming a modern country. The mission of the Conference was to strategize and implement “From 2006 to 2020—A Mid-to- Long Term Plan of National Science and Technology Development”, in order to build up a well-to-do society and accelerate the realization of modern socialism, thus ushering in a new ear for China.
This article takes the science and technology development plans of Taiwan and China as examples, in order to analyze the government sci-tech strategies of both sides of the Taiwan Strait. It places an introduction to their legislation organizations and legislative actions, followed by the description of their national science and technology development plans, eventually hopes to bring an understanding on legislation steps that implement those government strategies. To sum up, the article aims to offer feasible suggestions on science and technology developments of both sides by comparing their related strategies and legislations.