違反科技保護措施刑罰必要性之檢討

The Study Concerning The Legitimacy of The Criminal Punishment on Violating Technological Protection Measures

國際間所稱之「科技保護措施」（Technological Protection Measures, TPMs）於我國實踐結果為93年9月1日修正公布著作權法第3條第1項第18款、第80條之2所增訂之「防盜拷措施」，並針對「規避行為」、「準備行為」規範，復於同法第96條之1第2款規定，對違反「準備行為」者，處1年以下有期徒刑、拘役或科或併科新臺幣2萬元以上25萬元以下罰金。換言之，未經合法授權而「製造、輸入」防盜拷措施，或「提供公眾使用或為公眾提供服務」者，應受刑事處罰。賦予著作權人科技保護措施之「鎖鑰」，係在原本著作權保護外，額外增添新的保護方式，立法者更以最嚴厲之刑事處罰手段，來威嚇提供反規避工具者，惹來過度保護著作權人之譏。本文試圖執公益與私益之平衡為度量，參考各國寬嚴不一之立法例，從刑罰理論、刑法謙抑思想、刑事政策除罪化思潮及預備犯理論，論述科技保護措施欠缺刑罰之正當性，再回歸著作權本質，析述處罰著作權犯罪之界限，並依循著作權刑事政策基準及對國內資訊產業保護之目的，歸納出賦予違反科技保護措施者刑罰之不當，進一步對現行著作權法之規定，提出適當之評論與建議。

The Copyright Act was revised on September 9, 2004 finally added the so-called“anti-piracy measures clause”in accordance with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty and WIPO Performance and Phonograms Treaty. Any equipment, device, component, technology or information for disarming, destroying, or circumventing technological protection measures shall not, without legal authorization, be manufactured, imported, offered to the public for use, or offered in services to the public. A person manufacturing, importing, offering to the public for use, or offering in services to the public such anti-piracy measures shall be imposed a sentence of up to one year imprisonment or detention, or in lieu thereof or in addition thereto, a fine of not less than twenty thousand and not more than two hundred and fifty thousand New Taiwan Dollars. The congress provides severity criminal punishments on the violators, thus bringing qualms of the excess protection of copyright owners. In this article, the author will start from the dilemma of public and private interests. Through the introduction of some criminal principals and the nature of copyright, the author will proceed with discussion of some questions and hope that this article could be helpful as a reference for Taiwanese copyright act development.