老人自由需求符合程度、社會支持與幸福感之相關研究

Relationships of Matching Degree of Need for Freedom, Social Support and Well-Being in the Elderly

本研究旨在探討老人自由需求符合程度、社會支持與幸福感之相關研究。研究採用問卷調查法，以北部三個縣市基隆市、台北市、新北市六十五歲以上老人為研究對象，共得有效樣本387 人。調查工具包含「自由需求符合程度量表」、「社會支持量表」、「幸福感量表」。依據資料，運用單因子多變量變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、典型相關及多元強迫迴歸分析法等統計方法驗證假設。研究結論如下：1.老人擁有中上程度的幸福感。2.老人幸福感不會因性別、年齡不同而有顯著差異。3.自由需求符合程度、社會支持及幸福感三者之間皆有中度的正相關，並有顯著的典型相關存在。4.自由需求符合程度及社會支持兩者皆能預測幸福感，其中又以社會支持比自由需求符合程度更能預測幸福感。在分層面方面，自由需求符合程度的「自在感受符合程度」與社會支持的「社會陪伴支持」及「工具支持」可以有效預測幸福感。依據以上研究結果，本研究提出對老人、諮商人員、實務工作者及未來研究之建議。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among matchingdegree of need for freedom(MDNF), social support and well-being of the elderly inTaiwan. The researcher applied purposive sampling method to recruit 387(effectsample) elders which were over 65 years old from three northern Taiwan districts(Keelung, Taipei, New Taipei). Each participant completed a questionnaire packagewhich included MDNF Scale, Social Support Scale, Well-being Scale anddemographic information form. The researcher used one-way ANOVA, MANOVA,Canonical correlation, and Multiple enter regression analysis to analyze the data ofthe study. The results show that subjects have good level of well-being.Well-being of elders havn’t been affected significantly by gender and age. Also,there are positive medium correlations of MDNF, social support and well-being.MDNF and social support are both good predictors for well-being, with socialsupport being more relevant. Matching degree of the sense of freedom, socialcompanionship support and instrumental support are the top three predictors forwell-being.