外勞引進對本國勞工失業、職業選擇及薪資之影響

IMPACTS OF FOREIGNWORKER IMPORTATION ON THE UNEMPLOYMENT, OCCUPATIONAL CHOICE ANDWAGE RATES OF LOCALWORKERS

本研究根據Lee （1983）的一般化兩階段估計法，建立Mincer人力資本型態的職業參與機率式及工資式， 實證探討外勞引進對本國勞工職業選擇與薪資的最終影響。採用1996年至2002年行政院主計處「人力運用調查」的個體合併資料，實證結果顯示： （1）在外勞使用密集度愈大的產業內，本國勞工失業的機率愈大， 參與機械設備操作工及體力工、技術工等基層職類的機率愈低，但參與服務工作人員及售貨員、事務工作人員、技術員、助理專業人員、專業人員等較高職類之機率則愈高。（2） 產業外勞使用密集度對本國絕多數的職業工資率都產生負面影響，但只有少數性別的職類具有統計顯著性。

The generalized two-stage estimation method is employed to estimate occupational attachment equations and to correct for the potential existence of selectivity bias in occupational wage equations. A variable representing the foreignworker intensity in each two-digit industry is included in the equations to showhowimportation of foreign workers affects the occupational choice and wage structure of local workers. The results for these equations are as anticipated and can be summarized as follows. First, the foreign worker intensity tends to be positively associated with the probability that local workers are in unemployment. Second, intensity of foreign workers in each industry reduces the probability that local workers attach themselves to an operative, laboring, or craft job, while increasing the chance of their attaining a professional, technician, associate professional, clerical, service, or sales job. Third, importation of foreign workers has little adverse effects on the wage rates that local workers receive.